Haemodynamics at peak exercise in controls and HFpEF patients
| Variable | Control | HFpEF | HF MRT <60 s | HF MRT ≥60 s |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 192 (24) | 178 (36) | 159 (34)* | 188 (28)† |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 88 (16) | 83 (12) | 77 (12) | 88 (11) |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 122 (13) | 114 (16) | 105 (14)* | 122 (13)† |
| HR (beats/min) | 158 (13) | 132 (23)* | 129 (28)* | 134 (19)* |
| Q̇c (L/min) | 13.4 (4.0) | 13.9 (3.5) | 13.3 (3.8) | 14.5 (3.2) |
| Q̇c index (L/min/m2) | 7.2 (1.8) | 6.6 (1.47) | 6.2 (1.7) | 6.9 (1.2) |
| SV (mL) | 85 (25) | 104 (15)* | 100 (2) | 108 (17)* |
| SV index (mL/m2) | 45 (12) | 49 (8) | 47 (6) | 52 (10) |
| TPR (dyne/s/cm5) | 801 (287) | 695 (151) | 679 (141) | 709 (167) |
| V̇O2 (L/min) | 1.65 (0.44) | 1.44 (0.48) | 1.46 (0.5) | 1.42 (0.5) |
| V̇O2 (mL/kg/min) | 22.2 (4.0) | 14.6 (3.1)* | 14.6 (3.8)* | 14.7 (2.5)* |
| a-vO2 difference (mL/100 mL) | 12.7 (2.9) | 10.4 (2.2)* | 11.1 (2.5) | 9.71 (1.7)* |
| Δ a-vO2 difference (mL/100 mL) | 7.0 (1.6) | 4.1 (2.3)* | 4.3 (2.4)* | 4.0 (2.4)* |
Means (SD).
*P<0.05 versus control.
†P<0.05 versus MRT <60 s.
a-vO2, arterial-venous oxygen difference; Δ AvO2 difference, change from baseline; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MRT, mean response time; Q̇c, cardiac output; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SV, stroke volume; TPR, total peripheral resistance; V̇O2, oxygen utilisation.