Patient characteristics and echocardiography findings
| Total (n=2171) | Symptomatic (n=1743) | Asymptomatic (n=428) | P value | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 77.9±10.0 | 78.5±9.7 | 75.6±10.9 | <0.001 |
| Female gender | 1041/2171 (48.0) | 870/1743 (49.9) | 171/428 (40.0) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4±5.3 | 27.5±5.4 | 27.1±5.0 | 0.157 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 316/1985 (15.9) | 269/1601 (16.8) | 47/384 (12.2) | 0.028 |
| Previous cardiac surgery | 155/2167 (7.2) | 136/1743 (7.8) | 19/424 (4.5) | 0.017 |
| Diabetes on insulin | 184/2166 (8.5) | 157/1743 (9.0) | 27/423 (6.4) | 0.082 |
| PAPsys >55 mm Hg | 214/1977 (10.8) | 184/1590 (11.6) | 30/387 (7.8) | 0.008 |
| Chronic lung disease | 247/2166 (11.4) | 226/1743 (13.0) | 21/423 (5.0) | <0.001 |
| Haematological disorders | 120/2134 (5.6) | 102/1722 (5.9) | 18/412 (4.4) | 0.219 |
| Liver disease | 47/2142 (2.2) | 32/1727 (1.9) | 15/415 (3.6) | 0.028 |
| Renal impairment | <0.001 | |||
| Severe (CC<50 mL/min) | 493/1950 (25.3) | 431/1572 (27.4) | 62/378 (16.4) | |
| Dialysis | 39/1950 (2.0) | 35/1572 (2.2) | 4/378 (1.1) | |
| No of comorbidities | <0.001 | |||
| No comorbidity | 1020/2171 (47.0) | 755/1743 (43.3) | 265/428 (61.9) | |
| 1 comorbidity | 701/2171 (32.3) | 589/1743 (33.8) | 112/428 (26.2) | |
| 2 or more comorbidities | 450/2171 (20.7) | 399/1743 (22.9) | 51/428 (11.9) | |
| Frailty* | <0.001 | |||
| None | 1346/2141 (62.9) | 1014/1725 (58.8) | 332/416 (79.8) | |
| Mild | 685/2141 (32.0) | 618/1725 (35.8) | 67/416 (16.1) | |
| Severe | 110/2141 (5.1) | 93/1725 (5.4) | 17/416 (4.1) | |
| Logistic EuroSCORE I (%) | 15.6±13.9 | 16.4±14.4 | 11.9±10.5 | <0.001 |
| EuroSCORE II (%) | 4.0±5.0 | 4.5±5.4 | 2.1±2.1 | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography findings | ||||
| Valve-related parameters | ||||
| AVA (cm2) | 0.73±0.19 | 0.72±0.19 | 0.78±0.20 | <0.001 |
| Indexed AVA (cm2/m2) | 0.40±0.11 | 0.39±0.11 | 0.43±0.11 | <0.001 |
| Vmax (m/s) | 4.3±0.7 | 4.3±0.7 | 4.3±0.6 | 0.313 |
| Mean aortic transvalvular gradient (mm Hg) | 47.1±14.7 | 47.0±15.1 | 47.5±13.0 | 0.481 |
| Discordant grading† | 517/2129 (24.3) | 440/1705 (25.8) | 77/424 (18.2) | 0.001 |
| Aortic regurgitation (grade III or IV) | 167/2069 (8.1) | 126/1662 (7.6) | 41/407 (10.1) | 0.098 |
| Mitral regurgitation (grade III or IV) | 226/2114 (10.7) | 197/1703 (11.6) | 29/411 (7.1) | 0.008 |
| Tricuspid regurgitation (grade III or IV) | 161/2045 (7.9) | 140/1643 (8.5) | 21/402 (5.2) | 0.028 |
| Left ventricle parameters | ||||
| LV EDD (mm) | 47.9±9.1 | 48.1±9.4 | 47.1±7.6 | 0.060 |
| LV ESD (mm) | 31.6±10.2 | 32.3±10.8 | 29.4±7.4 | <0.001 |
| IVS (mm) | 13.7±2.6 | 13.7±2.6 | 13.9±2.6 | 0.131 |
| PW (mm) | 12.1±2.4 | 12.1±2.4 | 12.1±2.6 | 0.957 |
| LVH (>12 mm thick) | 1324/2132 (62.1) | 1076/1714 (62.8) | 248/418 (59.3) | 0.193 |
| LVEF (%) | 55.8±12.1 | 55.0±12.4 | 59.3±10.2 | <0.001 |
| LVEF | <0.001 | |||
| >50% | 1492/2054 (72.6) | 1152/1653 (69.7) | 340/401 (84.8) | |
| 30%–50% | 496/2054 (24.1) | 441/1653 (26.7) | 55/401 (13.7) | |
| <30% | 66/2054 (3.2) | 60/1653 (3.6) | 6/401 (1.5) |
Values presented as mean±SD or as number of patients/total no of patients.
*Absence of frailty: able to walk 5 m in ≤6 s plus all activities of daily living (ADL)12; mild: unable to walk 5 m in ≤6 s or unable to perform one ADL; severe: unable to perform two or more ADL.
†Aortic valve area <1 cm2 and mean aortic transvalvular gradient <40 mm Hg.
AVA, aortic valve area; BMI, body mass index; CC, creatinine clearance; EDD, end-diastolic diameter; ESD, end-systolic diameter; IVS, interventricular septum; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; PAPYs, pulmonary artery pressure systolic;PW, posterior wall; Vmax, maximum jet velocity.