Effect of nap frequency and duration on incident cardiovascular disease events, CoLaus study, Lausanne, Switzerland (n=3462)
| Crude | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Nap frequency | |||
| No nap | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1–2 weekly | 0.39 (0.21 to 0.72) | 0.52 (0.28 to 0.95) | 0.52 (0.28 to 0.95) |
| 3–5 weekly | 1.16 (0.73 to 1.85) | 0.89 (0.56 to 1.42) | 0.88 (0.55 to 1.40) |
| 6–7 weekly | 1.67 (1.10 to 2.55) | 0.90 (0.58 to 1.38) | 0.89 (0.58 to 1.38) |
| Average daily nap duration over a week | |||
| No nap | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 min to <1 hour | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.21) | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.16) | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.16) |
| ≥1 hour | 1.45 (0.84 to 2.50) | 0.73 (0.42 to 1.28) | 0.71 (0.41 to 1.24) |
Results are expressed as Cox regression derived HRs (95% CI).
Significant (P<0.05) associations are indicated in bold type.
Model 2: adjusting for age, sex, education (low, middle, high), smoking status (current, former, never), sedentary behaviour (yes/no), BMI (normal, overweight, obese) and sleep duration (continuous).
Model 3: model 2+adjusting for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia (categorised as yes/no).