Table 2

Barriers to cardiac rehabilitation delivery by income classification and funding source, n=1082

LMICHIC
(n=747)		P value*
Private
(n=103)		Public
(n=115)		Hybrid
(n=108)		Total†
(n=326)‡
Patient referral4.2±1.3ǂǂ3.4±1.5ǂǂ3.7±1.43.8±1.4††3.1±1.50.001
Financial resources3.4±1.53.5±1.53.6±1.43.5±1.53.5±1.40.91
Human resources2.5±1.4§3.4±1.43.0±1.43.0±1.5†††3.3±1.40.74
Space2.4±1.4ǂ3.0±1.5ǂ2.7±1.42.7±1.5†2.8±1.50.38
Equipment2.1±1.3ǂǂ2.9±1.5ǂǂ2.5±1.42.5±1.4††2.4±1.30.14

  • Mean and SD are shown, with scores ranging from 1 ‘this is definitely not an issue’ to 5 ‘this is a major issue’.

  • For pairwise comparisons ǂp<0.05; ǂǂp<0.01; ǂǂǂp<0.001.

  • *Generalised linear mixed models were used to test for significant differences in LMICs versus HICs.

  • †P<0.05; ††p<0.01; †††p<0.001 for generalised linear mixed models testing for significant differences by most common funding source.

  • ‡Respondents did not provide information on funding source for CR in 9/335 surveys.

  • §Significantly different from all funding sources (p<0.001).

  • HIC, high-income country; LMIC, low/middle-income country.