The baseline clinical and coronary angiographic characteristics
| Overall cohort | Propensity score-matched cohort | |||||||
| PCI group (n=590) | CABG group (n=127) | P values | Standardised difference | PCI group (n=95) | CABG group (n=95) | P values | Standardised difference | |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, years | 70.7±11.4 | 68.3±10.6 | 0.018† | 0.216 | 69.2±11.5 | 69.0±10.0 | 0.917‡ | 0.015 |
| Male | 373 (63.2) | 97 (76.4) | 0.005 | −0.290 | 78 (82.1) | 70 (73.7) | 0.201 | 0.204 |
| Smoking | 138 (23.4) | 35 (27.6) | 0.319 | −0.096 | 23 (24.2) | 24 (25.3) | 1.000 | −0.024 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 23.4±3.4 | 23.3±3.2 | 0.529† | 0.018 | 23.4±2.9 | 23.3±3.3 | 0.719‡ | 0.050 |
| De novo HF | 447 (75.8) | 95 (74.8) | 0.819 | −0.022 | 67 (70.5) | 69 (72.6) | 0.871 | 0.047 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 420 (71.2) | 79 (62.2) | 0.046 | 0.191 | 65 (68.4) | 60 (63.2) | 0.568 | 0.111 |
| Diabetes | 338 (57.3) | 93 (73.2) | <0.001 | −0.340 | 61 (64.2) | 68 (71.6) | 0.360 | −0.158 |
| Myocardial infarction | 410 (69.5) | 63 (49.6) | <0.001 | −0.361 | 51 (53.7) | 49 (51.6) | 0.974 | −0.021 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 113 (19.2) | 25 (19.7) | 0.890 | −0.013 | 19 (20.0) | 16 (16.8) | 0.720 | 0.082 |
| Chronic renal insufficiency | 83 (14.1) | 19 (15.0) | 0.794 | 0.025 | 18 (19.0) | 15 (15.8) | 0.701 | −0.083 |
| Chronic lung disease | 51 (8.6) | 14 (11.0) | 0.397 | 0.080 | 12 (12.6) | 12 (12.6) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 90 (15.3) | 18 (14.2) | 0.757 | −0.031 | 17 (17.9) | 15 (15.8) | 0.845 | −0.056 |
| History of malignancy | 37 (6.3) | 8 (6.3) | 0.991 | 0.001 | 6 (6.3) | 7 (7.4) | 1.000 | 0.042 |
| Clinical status | ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure | 132.6±31.3 | 123.8±23.8 | <0.001* | 0.317 | 123.9±27.9 | 124.4±22.2 | 0.884‡ | −0.021 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 78.4±17.8 | 72.6±15.4 | <0.001* | 0.346 | 72.4±14.7 | 72.5±15.4 | 0.846§ | −0.010 |
| Pulse rate | 91.8±23.8 | 93.0±21.7 | 0.753† | −0.051 | 92.6±22.1 | 92.3±22.8 | 0.912‡ | 0.015 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.2582 | 0.8516 | ||||||
| II | 82 (13.9) | 23 (18.1) | 13 (13.7) | 12 (12.6) | ||||
| III | 171 (29.0) | 41 (32.3) | −0.072 | 30 (31.6) | 35 (36.8) | −0.111 | ||
| IV | 337 (57.1) | 63 (49.6) | 0.151 | 52 (54.7) | 48 (50.5) | 0.084 | ||
| Lung congestion | 469 (79.5) | 100 (78.7) | 0.850 | −0.018 | 74 (77.9) | 74 (77.9) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Laboratory test | ||||||||
| LVEF, % | 37.8±12.3 | 32.6±12.0 | <0.001† | 0.426 | 34.3±11.7 | 33.4±12.6 | 0.629‡ | 0.073 |
| Leucocytosis (WBC>10 000/mm3) | 251 (42.5) | 39 (30.7) | 0.014 | 0.248 | 31 (32.6) | 30 (31.6) | 1.000 | 0.023 |
| Hyponatraemia (<135 mmol/L) | 89 (15.1) | 30 (23.6) | 0.019 | 0.217 | 79 (83.2) | 75 (79.0) | 0.597 | 0.108 |
| Anaemia (haemoglobin<12 g/dL) | 256 (43.4) | 48 (37.8) | 0.247 | −0.114 | 54 (56.8) | 56 (59.0) | 0.885 | −0.043 |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dL | 1.6±1.7 | 1.6±1.5 | 0.543† | 0.050 | 1.7±1.4 | 1.6±1.7 | 0.214§ | 0.039 |
| BNP≥500 pg/mL or NT-proBNP≥1000, pg/mL | 387 (65.6) | 95 (74.8) | 0.005 | −0.202 | 69 (72.6) | 70 (73.7) | 0.902 | −0.024 |
| ECG | ||||||||
| Q wave | 162 (27.5) | 44 (34.7) | 0.104 | 0.156 | 32 (33.7) | 33 (34.7) | 1.000 | 0.022 |
| Left bundle branch block | 29 (4.9) | 8 (6.3) | 0.526 | 0.060 | 6 (6.3) | 7 (7.4) | 1.000 | 0.042 |
| Right bundle branch block | 39 (6.6) | 14 (11.0) | 0.085 | 0.156 | 8 (8.4) | 8 (8.4) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Other intraventricular conduction delay | 30 (5.1) | 7 (5.5) | 0.844 | 0.019 | 10 (10.5) | 4 (4.2) | 0.146 | −0.244 |
| Drug therapy before admission | ||||||||
| ACEIs or ARBs | 177 (30.0) | 60 (47.2) | <0.001 | 0.360 | 41 (43.7) | 41 (43.2) | 1.000 | 0 |
| Beta-blockers | 137 (23.2) | 37 (29.1) | 0.159 | 0.135 | 36 (37.9) | 28 (29.5) | 0.291 | −0.179 |
| Aldosterone antagonists | 40 (6.8) | 17 (13.4) | 0.013 | 0.221 | 10 (10.5) | 12 (12.6) | 0.824 | 0.066 |
| Coronary lesions | ||||||||
| Number of diseased vessels | <0.001 | 0.726 | ||||||
| 1 | 141 (23.9) | 7 (5.7) | 8 (8.4) | 7 (7.4) | ||||
| 2 | 212 (35.9) | 13 (10.5) | 0.632 | 9 (9.5) | 13 (13.7) | −0.132 | ||
| 3 | 237 (40.2) | 104 (83.9) | −1.008 | 78 (82.1) | 75 (79.0) | 0.080 | ||
| Left main lesion | 81 (13.8) | 44 (35.5) | <0.001 | −0.521 | 66 (69.5) | 68 (71.6) | 0.860 | 0.046 |
| Proximal LAD lesion | 339 (57.6) | 92 (74.2) | <0.001 | −0.356 | 68 (71.6) | 67 (70.5) | 1.000 | 0.023 |
| Chronic total occlusion | 232 (39.3) | 73 (58.9) | <0.001 | −0.399 | 52 (54.7) | 49 (51.6) | 0.761 | 0.063 |
Per cent (%) in parentheses.
*P value by independent t-test.
†P value by Wilcoxon rank sum test.
‡P value by paired t-test.
§P value by Wilcoxon signed rank test.
ACEIs, ACE inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BNP, brain natriuretic peptides; CABG, coronary artery bypass graf; HF, heart failure; LAD, left anterior descending; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; WBC, white blood cells.