Clinical outcomes
| Overall (n=717) | Matched (n=190) | |||||
| PCI | CABG | P values | PCI | CABG | P values | |
| Total, n | 590 | 127 | 95 | 95 | ||
| In-hospital outcomes | ||||||
| Death | 48 (8.1) | 10 (7.9) | 10 (10.5) | 5 (5.3) | ||
| CABG vs PCI, OR (95% CI) | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.9) | 0.849 | 0.47 (0.15 to 1.50) | 0.203‡ | ||
| Cardiovascular death | 46 (7.8) | 7 (5.3) | 10 (10.5) | 4 (4.2) | ||
| CABG vs PCI, OR (95% CI) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) | 0.333 | 0.37 (0.11 to 1.29) | 0.118‡ | ||
| Stroke | 16 (2.7) | 4 (3.1) | 6 (6.3) | 3 (3.2) | ||
| CABG vs PCI, OR (95% CI) | 1.1 (0.4 to 3.4) | 0.830 | 0.48 (0.11 to 2.06) | 0.325‡ | ||
| Hospital stay | ||||||
| Mean±SE (95% CI), days | 13.5±0.8 | 33.0±1.6 | <0.001 | 14.4±1.5 | 32.9±3.4 | <0.001‡ |
| Follow-up time | ||||||
| Total patient-years | 1776 | 419 | 279 | 323 | ||
| Median, days | ||||||
| Death | 1368 | 1462 | 1383 | 1468 | ||
| Rehospitalisation for CV | 489 | 977 | 375 | 966 | ||
| Rehospitalisation for HF aggravation | 776 | 1080 | 714 | 1075 | ||
| Composite of death and CV rehospitalisation | 734 | 1243 | 681 | 1238 | ||
| Composite of death and HF rehospitalisation | 1153 | 1339 | 1258 | 1388 | ||
| Repeat revascularisation during follow-up | 907 | 1171 | 767 | 1178 | ||
| Cumulative outcomes, n (%) | ||||||
| Death | 232 (42.8) | 34 (29.1) | 41 (48.2) | 27 (30.0) | ||
| Rehospitalisation for CV | 203 (37.5) | 38 (32.5) | 37 (43.5) | 30 (33.3) | ||
| Rehospitalisation for HF aggravation | 135 (24.9) | 26 (22.2) | 22 (25.9) | 19 (21.1) | ||
| Composite of death and CV rehospitalisation | 341 (62.9) | 55 (47.0) | 59 (69.4) | 44 (48.9) | ||
| Composite of death and HF rehospitalisation | 293 (54.1) | 47 (40.2) | 49 (57.7) | 37 (41.1) | ||
| Repeat revascularisation during follow-up | 58 (10.7) | 6 (5.1) | 15 (17.7) | 4 (4.4) | ||
| Main analysis, outcomes compared | ||||||
| Death | ||||||
| Events per 1000 patient-years, n (95% CI) | 131 (114 to 149) | 81 (56 to 113) | 0.008* | 147 (105 to 199) | 83 (55 to 121) | 0.028* |
| CABG vs PCI, HR (95% CI) | 0.62 (0.44 to 0.90) | 0.011 | 0.57 (0.34 to 0.96) | 0.033† | ||
| Rehospitalisation for CV | ||||||
| Events per 1000 patient-years, n (95% CI) | 205 (178 to 235) | 144 (102 to 198) | 0.048* | 261 (183 to 359) | 151 (102 to 216) | 0.026* |
| CABG vs PCI, HR (95% CI) | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.08) | 0.129 | 0.67 (0.39 to 1.15) | 0.146† | ||
| Rehospitalisation for HF aggravation | ||||||
| Events per 1000 patient-years, n (95% CI) | 117 (98 to 139) | 91 (59 to 133) | 0.278* | 125 (79 to 190) | 86 (52 to 134) | 0.271* |
| CABG vs PCI, HR (95% CI) | 0.82 (0.54 to 1.25) | 0.365 | 0.76 (0.40 to 1.44) | 0.399† | ||
| Composite of death and CV rehospitalisation | ||||||
| Events per 1000 patient-years, n (95% CI) | 268 (240 to 298) | 170 (128 to 221) | 0.001* | 306 (233 to 395) | 181 (132 to 243) | 0.010* |
| CABG vs PCI, HR (95% CI) | 0.68 (0.51 to 0.90) | 0.007 | 0.65 (0.42 to 1.01) | 0.053† | ||
| Composite of death and HF rehospitalisation | ||||||
| Events per 1000 patient-years, n (95% CI) | 198 (176 to 222) | 132 (97 to 175) | 0.008* | 209 (155 to 76) | 135 (95 to 186) | 0.051* |
| CABG vs PCI, HR (95% CI) | 0.70 (0.51 to 0.95) | 0.021 | 0.68 (0.43 to 1.07) | 0.093† | ||
| Repeat revascularisation during follow-up | ||||||
| Events per 1000 patient-years, n (95% CI) | 46 (35 to 60) | 18 (7 to 39) | 0.021* | 82 (46 to d135) | 15 (4 to 40) | 0.002* |
| CABG vs PCI, HR (95% CI) | 0.41 (0.18 to 0.94) | 0.035 | 0.19 (0.06 to 0.60) | 0.004† | ||
*P value by exact Poisson test.
†P value by Cox regression models considering the clustering effect based on robust sandwich covariance matrix estimate that accounted for the clustering of matched pairs.
‡P value by generalised estimating equations treating each pair as a cluster.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CV, cardiovascular; HF, heart failure, PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.