Demographic and clinical profile at baseline for women and men stratified by loneliness
| Women | Men | |||||
| Feeling lonely | Not feeling lonely | P value* | Feeling lonely | Not feeling lonely | P value* | |
| n, % | 1264 (33) | 2628 (67) | 2139 (24) | 6912 (76) | ||
| Age, mean (SD) | 66.56 (14.44) | 65.44 (12.90) | 0.0141† | 64.57 (12.64) | 64.88 (11.23) | >0.10† |
| Living alone (n, %) | 784 (62) | 763 (29) | <0.0001 | 1000 (47) | 946 (14) | <0.0001 |
| Marital status (n, %) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Married | 423 (33) | 1671 (63) | 980 (45) | 5404 (77) | ||
| Divorced | 262 (20) | 363 (14) | 667 (22) | 667 (10) | ||
| Widowed | 460 (36) | 421 (16) | 357 (17) | 349 (5) | ||
| Unmarried | 141 (11) | 199 (8) | 350 (16) | 568 (8) | ||
| Educational level (n, %) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||||
| Basic school | 583 (46) | 964 (37) | 749 (36) | 1696 (25) | ||
| Upper secondary or vocational school | 450 (36) | 978 (38) | 907 (43) | 3391 (50) | ||
| Higher education | 225 (18) | 668 (26) | 432 (21) | 1763 (25) | ||
| Cardiac diagnosis (n, %) | >0.10 | >0.10 | ||||
| Ischaemic heart disease | 636 (50) | 1265 (48) | 1217 (56) | 3850 (55) | ||
| Arrhythmia | 451 (35) | 1010 (38) | 625 (29) | 2129 (31) | ||
| Heart failure | 81 (6) | 180 (7) | 187 (9) | 519 (7) | ||
| Heart valve disease | 118 (9) | 199 (8) | 137 (6) | 490 (7) | ||
| Comorbidity (n, %) | ||||||
| Hypertension | 536 (42) | 913 (34) | <0.0001 | 800 (37) | 2283 (33) | 0.0002 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 51 (4) | 85 (3) | >0.10 | 123 (6) | 352 (5) | >0.10 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 540 (42) | 972 (37) | 0.0012 | 1088 (50) | 3086 (44) | <0.0001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 210 (16) | 323 (12) | 0.0003 | 515 (24) | 1423 (20) | 0.0007 |
| PCI | 204 (16) | 321 (12) | 0.0011 | 487 (23) | 1385 (20) | 0.0072 |
| CABG | 35 (3) | 61 (2) | >0.10 | 133 (6) | 351 (5) | 0.0423 |
| Diabetes | 164 (13) | 287 (11) | 0.0731 | 262 (12) | 561 (8) | <0.0001 |
| Heart failure | 47 (4) | 59 (2) | 0.0092 | 491 (23) | 1241 (18) | <0.0001 |
| Renal disease | 212 (17) | 336 (13) | 0.0011 | 109 (5) | 224 (3) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 120 (9) | 166 (6) | 0.0005 | 198 (9) | 377 (5) | <0.0001 |
| Tu comorbidity score (n, %) | <0.0001† | <0.0001† | ||||
| 0 | 469 (37) | 1084 (41) | 832 (38) | 2998 (43) | ||
| 1 | 486 (38) | 992 (37) | 689 (32) | 2289 (33) | ||
| 2 | 208 (16) | 408 (15) | 639 (17) | 1143 (16) | ||
| ≥3 | 131 (10) | 170 (6) | 276 (13) | 558 (8) | ||
| Life style factors (n, %) | ||||||
| BMI≥25 | 673 (57) | 1437 (57) | >0.10 | 1455 (71) | 4770 (71) | >0.10 |
| BMI≥30 | 297 (25) | 582 (23) | >0.10 | 560 (28) | 1642 (25) | 0.0077 |
| Ever smoker | 820 (65) | 1541 (59) | 0.0006 | 1588 (75) | 4880 (71) | 0.0007 |
| Alcohol intake above high-risk limit‡ | 52 (5) | 115 (5) | >0.10 | 174 (9) | 624 (10) | >0.10 |
| Non-compliant§ | 66 (6) | 98 (4) | 0.0588 | 146 (8) | 296 (5) | <0.0001 |
*χ2 tests.
†T-test.
‡The Danish National Board of Health defines the high-risk limit for alcohol consumption as a weekly intake of >21 standard drinks for men and >14 standard drinks for women.
§Patients were defined as non-compliant if they forgot to take their medication more than once a week (self-reported).
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft;PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.