Table 4

Multivariable-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for incident CVD according to tub bathing frequency after excluding entry incidence within 5 and 10 years from baseline

Frequency of tub bathing≤2 times/week3–4 times/weekAlmost daily or every dayP value for trend
Exclusion of incidence within 5 years from baseline  
 Participants1834634921 156 
 Person-years32 582114 435388 880 
 Total CVD, n1523861209 
 Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)*1 (reference)0.81 (0.67 to 0.98)0.76 (0.64 to 0.90)0.016
 Coronary heart disease, n2761183 
 Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)*1 (reference)0.75 (0.48 to 1.19)0.70 (0.46 to 1.05)0.203
 Total stroke, n1253251026 
 Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)*1 (reference)0.82 (0.67 to 1.01)0.77 (0.64 to 0.94)0.043
Exclusion of incidence within 10 years from baseline  
 Subjects1738610320 470 
 Person-years31 843112 574383 646 
 Total CVD, n109271912 
 Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)*1 (reference)0.78 (0.62 to 0.97)0.79 (0.64 to 0.96)0.211
 Coronary heart disease, n1946127 
 Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)*1 (reference)0.78 (0.45 to 1.33)0.64 (0.39 to 1.05)0.083
 Total stroke, n90225785 
 Multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI)*1 (reference)0.78 (0.61 to 0.99)0.82 (0.65 to 1.02)0.549

  • *Adjusted for age, sex, histories of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia, body mass index, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical exercise status, job status, education, sleep duration, perceived stress, life enjoyment, intakes of vegetable, fruit, fish and soybeans, and public health centre area.

  • CVD, cardiovascular disease.