Characteristics of participants
| ILD (n=11 688) | PS (n=4568) | PF (n=7120) | Non-ILD controls (n=56 884) | |
| Mean age (SD) | 62.2 (16.8) | 48.0 (12.9) | 71.4 (11.9) | 64.7 (16.3) |
| Male, n (%) | 6291 (53.8) | 2313 (50.6) | 3978 (55.8) | 31 854 (56.0) |
| Median follow-up, years (IQR) | 3.8 (1.8–7.3) | 6.1 (2.8–10.5) | 3.0 (1.5–5.4) | 4.0 (2.0–7.4) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3577 (30.6) | 752 (16.5) | 2825 (39.7) | 17 030 (29.9) |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 1461 (12.5) | 311 (6.8) | 1150 (16.2) | 6533 (11.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1344 (11.5) | 345 (7.6) | 999 (14.0) | 4995 (8.8) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 1173 (10.0) | 179 (3.9) | 994 (14.0) | 3998 (7.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | ||||
| Normal (≥18.5 ≤24.9) | 3430 (29.4) | 1256 (27.5) | 2174 (30.5) | 16 983 (30.0) |
| Underweight (<18.5) | 289 (2.5) | 63 (1.4) | 226 (3.2) | 1166 (2.1) |
| Overweight (≥25.0 ≤29.9) | 4081 (34.9) | 1528 (33.5) | 2553 (35.9) | 17 768 (31.2) |
| Obese (>30) | 2890 (24.7) | 1293 (28.3) | 1597 (22.4) | 10 682 (18.8) |
| Not recorded | 998 (8.5) | 428 (9.4) | 570 (8.0) | 10 285 (18.1) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | 2286 (19.6) | 836 (18.3) | 1450 (20.4) | 9284 (16.3) |
| Yes | 8058 (68.9) | 3221 (70.5) | 4837 (67.9) | 36 533 (64.2) |
| Ex | 356 (3.05) | 89 (1.9) | 267 (3.8) | 1395 (2.5) |
| Not recorded | 988 (8.45) | 422 (9.2) | 566 (7.9) | 9672 (17.0) |
| Smoking history | ||||
| No | 5867 (50.2) | 3005 (65.8) | 2862 (40.2) | 27 406 (48.2) |
| Yes | 1453 (12.4) | 518 (11.3) | 935 (13.1) | 9406 (16.5) |
| Ex | 4188 (35.8) | 986 (21.6) | 3202 (45.0) | 14 579 (25.6) |
| Not recorded | 180 (1.5) | 59 (1.3) | 121 (1.7) | 5493 (9.7) |
| Family history of CVD | 2410 (20.6) | 920 (20.1) | 1490 (20.9) | 10 545 (18.5) |
| Socioeconomic status (quintiles of Index of Multiple Deprivation) | ||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 1638 (24.7) | 702 (15.4) | 936 (13.1) | 7548 (13.3) |
| 2 | 1535 (23.2) | 611 (13.4) | 924 (13.0) | 7639 (13.4) |
| 3 | 1302 (19.7) | 493 (10.8) | 809 (11.4) | 6689 (11.8) |
| 4 | 1203 (18.2) | 482 (10.6) | 721 (10.1) | 5656 (9.9) |
| 5 (most deprived) | 942 (14.2) | 386 (8.5) | 556 (7.8) | 4475 (7.9) |
| Exposure to cardiovascular drugs | ||||
| Antihypertensive | 3494 (29.9) | 717 (15.7) | 2777 (39.0) | 13 594 (23.9) |
| Antiplatelet | 768 (6.6) | 101 (2.2) | 667 (9.4) | 3160 (5.6) |
| Lipid lowering | 1071 (9.2) | 235 (5.1) | 836 (11.7) | 4449 (7.8) |
*WHO Classification of Obesity According to BMI.
BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; ILD, inflammatory lung disease; PF, pulmonary fibrosis; PS, pulmonary sarcoidosis.