Primary and secondary outcomes
| Age ≥65 years | Age <65 years | Age ≥65 years | Age <65 years | Treatment by age | |||
| Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Primary outcome, n (%) | |||||||
| Success* | 41/99 (41.4) | 31/120 (25.8) | 92/261 (35.2) | 60/231 (26.0) | 1.67 (1.22 to 2.31) | 0.45 | |
| Secondary outcomes, n (%) | |||||||
| No improvement | 37/99 (37.4) | 73/120 (60.8) | 108/261 (41.4) | 103/231 (44.6) | 0.38 (0.22 to 0.67) | 0.88 (0.61 to 1.26) | 0.01 |
| Weight reduction, n (%) | |||||||
| ≥5% weight reduction | 40/99 (40.4) | 13/120 (10.8) | 57/261 (21.8) | 35/231 (15.2) | 5.58 (2.77 to 11.26) | 1.57 (0.98 to 2.49) | 0.003 |
| ≥5% weight reduction in patients with baseline BMI ≥27 kg/m2 | 38/72 (52.8) | 12/87 (13.8) | 50/197 (25.4) | 27/166 (16.3) | 6.99 (3.25 to 15.01) | 1.75 (1.04 to 2.95) | 0.003 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||||
| Urine cotinine <200 ng/mL | 86/99 (86.9) | 95/120 (79.2) | 186/261 (71.3) | 163/231 (70.6) | 2.28 (0.99 to 5.24) | 0.90 (0.60 to 1.34) | 0.05 |
| Urine cotinine <200 ng/mL in smokers <6 months before admission | 17/29 (58.6) | 10/34 (29.4) | 69/143 (48.3) | 66/132 (50.0) | 3.40 (1.20 to 9.66) | 0.93 (0.58 to 1.50) | 0.03 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||||||
| ≥10% improvement on 6MWD | 45/98 (45.9) | 45/120 (37.5) | 118/261 (45.2) | 94/231 (40.7) | 1.27 (0.94 to 1.71) | 0.62 | |
| ≥10% improvement on 6MWD in baseline physically inactive | 30/67 (44.8) | 27/74 (36.5) | 76/160 (47.5) | 63/143 (44.4) | 1.14 (0.72 to 1.79) | 0.60 | |
Values are n/N (%).
*Success is defined as improvement in 1>LRF without deterioration of the other 2.
BMI, body mass index; LRFs, lifestyle-related risk factors; 6MWD, 6 min walking distance.