Baseline characteristics of patients with clinical HCM and mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy
Variable | Clinical HCM (n=127) | Mutation carriers (n=53) | P value |
Age (years) | 53±14 | 41±11 | <0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 76 (60) | 20 (38) | 0.007 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 44 (35) | 4 (8) | <0.001 |
Implantable cardiac defibrillator, n (%) | 10 (8) | 0 (0) | 0.04 |
History of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 20 (16) | 0 (0) | 0.002 |
NYHA functional class ≥2, n (%) | 56 (44) | 1 (2) | <0.001 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26±3 | 25±4 | 0.05 |
Medication use | |||
Beta-blocker, n (%) | 59 (47) | 2 (4) | <0.001 |
Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 17 (13) | 0 (0) | 0.005 |
Echocardiography | |||
Interventricular septum thickness (mm) | 16 (13–20) | 10 (8–11) | <0.001 |
Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 10 (10–12) | 9 (7–9) | <0.001 |
Left atrial diameter (mm) | 43 (39–49) | 38 (32–40) | <0.001 |
LVOT gradient ≥30 mm Hg, n (%) | 18 (14) | 0 (0) | 0.01 |
Exercise stress test | |||
Resting heart rate (beats/min) | 74±13 | 75±11 | 0.553 |
Resting systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 129±21 | 118±16 | 0.001 |
Heart rate at maximum exercise (beats/min) | 145±23 | 164±17 | <0.001 |
Maximum systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 180±32 | 172±29 | 0.140 |
Achieved exercise load (W) | 140 (120–180) | 160 (130–190) | 0.02 |
Relative achieved exercise load (%) | 89 (74–107) | 100 (89–112) | 0.005 |
Achieved load <80% of expected, n (%) | 45 (35) | 8 (15) | 0.006 |
Duration of exercise (min) | 13 (9–17) | 15 (12–18) | 0.01 |
HRPP (mm Hg*beats per min) | 26178±6099 | 28214±5578 | 0.04 |
Data are described as means± SDs, medians with IQRs or numbers with percentages.
HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HRPP, heart rate pressure product; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; NYHA, New York Heart Association.