The results of univariate and multivariable analyses for OHCA as a function of time using the generalised additive model with cubic splines, 2012–2016
| Time | OHCA | Univariate | OHCA | Multivariable | ||||||||
| β | t-value | RR | ER (%) | 95% CI | β | t-value | RR | ER (%) | 95% CI | |||
| Lag 0 | Average temperature | 0.01062 | 22.70 | 1.0107 | 1.07 | (1.0098 to 1.0116) | Average temperature | 0.00717 | 13.47 | 1.0072 | 0.72 | (1.0062 to 1.0083) |
| Humidity | −0.00926 | −30.69 | 0.9908 | −0.92 | (0.9902 to 0.9914) | Humidity | −0.00506 | −12.80 | 0.9950 | −0.50 | (0.9942 to 0.9957) | |
| Daily range | 0.02225 | 13.22 | 1.0225 | 2.25 | (1.0191 to 1.0259) | Daily range | 0.00666 | 3.25 | 1.0067 | 0.67 | (1.0026 to 1.0107) | |
| PM2.5 | 0.01561 | 42.04 | 1.0157 | 1.57 | (1.0150 to 1.0165) | PM2.5 | 0.01513 | 40.56 | 1.0152 | 1.52 | (1.0145 to 1.0160) | |
| Lag 1 | Average temperature | 0.01068 | 22.59 | 1.0107 | 1.07 | (1.0098 to 1.0117) | Average temperature | 0.00729 | 13.50 | 1.0073 | 0.73 | (1.0063 to 1.0084) |
| Humidity | −0.00962 | −31.09 | 0.9904 | −0.96 | (0.9898 to 0.9910) | Humidity | −0.00481 | −11.85 | 0.9952 | −0.48 | (0.9944 to 0.9960) | |
| Daily range | 0.02585 | 14.22 | 1.0262 | 2.62 | (1.0225 to 1.0298) | Daily range | 0.01049 | 4.90 | 1.0105 | 1.05 | (1.0063 to 1.0148) | |
| PM2.5 | 0.01624 | 41.99 | 1.0164 | 1.64 | (1.0156 to 1.0171) | PM2.5 | 0.01574 | 40.44 | 1.0159 | 1.59 | (1.0151 to 1.0166) | |
| Lag 2 | Average temperature | 0.01065 | 22.37 | 1.0107 | 1.07 | (1.0098 to 1.0117) | Average temperature | 0.00705 | 12.96 | 1.0071 | 0.71 | (1.0060 to 1.0082) |
| Humidity | −0.00977 | −31.37 | 0.9903 | −0.97 | (0.9897 to 0.9909) | Humidity | −0.00535 | −13.12 | 0.9947 | −0.53 | (0.9938 to 0.9955) | |
| Daily range | 0.02390 | 13.12 | 1.0242 | 2.42 | (1.0205 to 1.0278) | Daily range | 0.00765 | 3.57 | 1.0077 | 0.77 | (1.0035 to 1.0119) | |
| PM2.5 | 0.01579 | 41.02 | 1.0159 | 1.59 | (1.0152 to 1.0167) | PM2.5 | 0.01532 | 39.54 | 1.0154 | 1.54 | (1.0147 to 1.0162) | |
| Lag 3 | Average temperature | 0.01068 | 22.24 | 1.0107 | 1.07 | (1.0098 to 1.0117) | Average temperature | 0.00703 | 12.88 | 1.0071 | 0.71 | (1.0060 to 1.0081) |
| Humidity | −0.00997 | −31.81 | 0.9901 | −0.99 | (0.9895 to 0.9907) | Humidity | −0.00571 | −14.07 | 0.9943 | −0.57 | (0.9935 to 0.9951) | |
| Daily range | 0.02344 | 12.98 | 1.0237 | 2.37 | (1.0201 to 1.0274) | Daily range | 0.00758 | 3.58 | 1.0076 | 0.76 | (1.0034 to 1.0118) | |
| PM2.5 | 0.01542 | 40.19 | 1.0155 | 1.55 | (1.0148 to 1.0163) | PM2.5 | 0.01494 | 38.70 | 1.0151 | 1.51 | (1.0143 to 1.0158) | |
| Lag 4 | Average temperature | 0.01068 | 22.69 | 1.0107 | 1.07 | (1.0098 to 1.01167) | Average temperature | 0.00674 | 10.37 | 1.0068 | 0.68 | (1.0054 to 1.0080) |
| Humidity | −0.00911 | −29.79 | 0.9909 | −0.91 | (0.9903 to 0.9915) | Humidity | −0.00355 | −7.10 | 0.9965 | −0.35 | (0.9954 to 0.9974) | |
| Daily range | 0.01488 | 8.81 | 1.0150 | 1.50 | (1.0116 to 1.0183) | Daily range | 0.01811 | 7.37 | 1.0183 | 1.83 | (1.0133 to 1.0232) | |
| PM2.5 | 0.00038 | 0.88 | 1.0004 | 0.04 | (0.9995 to 1.0012) | PM2.5 | 0.00072 | 1.67 | 1.0007 | 0.07 | (0.9998 to 1.0015) | |
| Lag 5 | Average temperature | 0.01042 | 22.19 | 1.0105 | 1.05 | (1.0095 to 1.0114) | Average temperature | 0.00664 | 10.25 | 1.0067 | 0.67 | (1.0053 to 1.0079) |
| Humidity | −0.00849 | −27.86 | 0.9915 | −0.85 | (0.9909 to 0.9921) | Humidity | −0.00343 | −6.85 | 0.9966 | −0.34 | (0.9956 to 0.9975) | |
| Daily range | 0.01366 | 8.25 | 1.0138 | 1.38 | (1.0104 to 1.0170) | Daily range | 0.01657 | 6.79 | 1.0167 | 1.67 | (1.0118 to 1.0215) | |
| PM2.5 | 0.00040 | 0.99 | 1.0004 | 0.04 | (0.9996 to 1.0012) | PM2.5 | 0.00008 | 0.21 | 1.0001 | 0.01 | (0.9992 to 1.0009) | |
| Lag 6 | Average temperature | 0.01015 | 21.51 | 1.0102 | 1.02 | (1.0092 to 1.0111) | Average temperature | 0.00647 | 9.97 | 1.0065 | 0.65 | (1.0052 to 1.0077) |
| Humidity | −0.00850 | −27.81 | 0.9915 | −0.85 | (0.9909 to 0.9921) | Humidity | −0.00325 | −6.44 | 0.9968 | −0.32 | (0.9957 to 0.9977) | |
| Daily range | 0.01498 | 9.02 | 1.0151 | 1.51 | (1.0118 to 1.0184) | Daily range | 0.01715 | 6.96 | 1.0173 | 1.73 | (1.0124 to 1.0222) | |
| PM2.5 | 0.00052 | 1.26 | 1.0005 | 0.05 | (0.9997 to 1.0013) | PM2.5 | 0.00010 | 0.26 | 1.0001 | 0.01 | (0.9992 to 1.0009) | |
ER, excess risk; OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; PM2.5, particulate matter ≤2 µm; RR, relative risk.