Characteristics of the study participants according to Lp(a) tertiles at baseline
| Variable | Overall (n=7562) | Lp(a) tertiles (mg/dL) | P value | ||
| <8.88 (n=2520) | 8.88–26.44 (n=2521) | ≥26.45 (n=2521) | |||
| Age, years | 57.3±10.8 | 57.0±10.8 | 57.3±10.9 | 57.5±10.6 | 0.249 |
| Male, n (%) | 5585 (73.9) | 1973 (78.3) | 1840 (73.0) | 1772 (70.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 4719 (62.4) | 1628 (64.6) | 1591 (63.1) | 1500 (59.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 2147 (28.4) | 728 (28.9) | 751 (29.8) | 668 (26.5) | 0.030 |
| Current smokers, n (%) | 3315 (43.8) | 1159 (46.0) | 1092 (43.3) | 1064 (42.2) | 0.022 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 1088 (14.4) | 340 (13.5) | 365 (14.5) | 383 (15.2) | 0.258 |
| Revascularisation*, n (%) | 5831 (77.1) | 1911 (75.8) | 1944 (77.1) | 1976 (78.4) | 0.098 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.90±3.19 | 26.13±3.14 | 25.90±3.23 | 25.68±3.13 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 126±17 | 127±17 | 127±18 | 126±17 | 0.112 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 78±11 | 78±11 | 78±11 | 77±11 | 0.002 |
| LVEF, % | 63.1±8.2 | 63.1±8.2 | 63.0±8.3 | 63.1±8.2 | 0.879 |
| Biochemical parameters | |||||
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.89±1.80 | 5.98±1.90 | 5.89±1.81 | 5.78±1.68 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.34±1.12 | 6.33±1.10 | 6.39±1.16 | 6.30±1.09 | 0.027 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.11±1.19 | 3.95±1.16 | 4.10±1.15 | 4.28±1.23 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.05±0.29 | 1.03±0.28 | 1.05±0.28 | 1.07±0.29 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.48±1.01 | 2.29±0.89 | 2.49±0.98 | 2.67±1.10 | <0.001 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.49 (1.10–2.08) | 1.58 (1.14–2.24) | 1.47 (1.09–2.05) | 1.43 (1.07–1.96) | <0.001 |
| Lp(a), mg/dL | 15.17 (6.79–36.95) | 4.96 (3.27–6.79) | 15.17 (11.79–20.13) | 52.01 (36.95–77.91) | <0.001 |
| ApoAI, g/L | 1.32±0.29 | 1.32±0.30 | 1.32±0.28 | 1.33±0.30 | 0.388 |
| ApoB, g/L | 0.91±0.30 | 0.85±0.29 | 0.91±0.28 | 0.97±0.31 | <0.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 1.39 (0.76–2.90) | 1.25 (0.69–2.52) | 1.47 (0.78–3.14) | 1.47 (0.80–3.20) | <0.001 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 3.24±0.79 | 3.08±0.72 | 3.27±0.81 | 3.36±0.81 | <0.001 |
| ESR, mm/hour | 7 (3–13) | 6 (2–11) | 7 (3–14) | 7 (3–15) | <0.001 |
| Baseline medications | |||||
| Aspirin, n (%) | 5622 (74.3) | 1845 (73.2) | 1876 (74.4) | 1901 (75.4) | 0.290 |
| P2Y12 inhibitor, n (%) | 4063 (53.7) | 1275 (50.6) | 1374 (54.5) | 1414 (56.1) | 0.004 |
| Statins, n (%) | 5916 (78.2) | 1933 (76.7) | 1951 (77.4) | 2032 (80.6) | 0.006 |
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 1712 (22.6) | 542 (21.5) | 625 (24.8) | 545 (21.6) | 0.021 |
| β-Blockers, n (%) | 3317 (43.8) | 1043 (41.4) | 1122 (44.5) | 1152 (45.7) | 0.018 |
| CCB, n (%) | 1500 (19.8) | 519 (20.6) | 512 (20.3) | 469 (18.6) | 0.271 |
Continuous values are summarised as mean±SD, median (IQR) and categorical variables as percentage.
*Includes percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting.
ACEI, ACE inhibitors; ApoAI, apolipoprotein AI; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blockers; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycosylated haemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a), lipoprotein(a); LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride.