Overall (n=200) | PH (n=24) | No PH (n=176) | P value | RVD (n=29) | No RVD (n=171) | P value | |
Clinical setting at time of TTE | |||||||
Window quality | 0.528* | 0.616* | |||||
Good | 112/200 (56.0) | 12/24 (50.0) | 100/176 (56.8) | 15/29 (51.7) | 97/171 (56.7) | ||
Sufficient/suboptimal | 88/200 (44.0) | 12/24 (50.0) | 76/176 (43.2) | 14/29 (48.3) | 74/171 (43.3) | ||
Time from hospital admission to TTE (days) | 7 (3–13) | 8 (4–11) | 7 (3–13) | 0.901 | 8 (3–10) | 7 (3–13) | 0.862 |
SBP (mm Hg) | 120 (107–128) | 113 (105–121) | 120 (110–130) | 0.156 | 115 (100–120) | 120 (107–130) | 0.239 |
HR (beats/min) | 80 (70–88) | 80 (75–90) | 80 (70–88) | 0.296 | 78 (74–85) | 80 (70–88) | 0.724 |
NIV | <0.001† | 0.905† | |||||
Intermittent cycles (no NIV during TTE) | 38/200 (19.0) | 5/24 (20.8) | 33/176 (18.5) | 5/29 (17.2) | 33/171 (19.3) | ||
NIV during TTE | 24/200 (12.0) | 9/24 (37.5) | 15/176 (8.5) | 4/29 (13.8) | 20/171 (11.7) | ||
SpO2/FiO2 | 283 (167–394) | 166 (110–280) | 312 (193–448) | <0.001 | 286 (188–457) | 283 (167–354) | 0.622 |
TTE findings | |||||||
Basal RVEDD (mm) | 36 (32–40) | 42 (38–48) | 36 (32–39) | <0.001 | 38 (35–42) | 36 (32–40) | 0.129 |
Mid RVEDD (mm) | 30 (26–33) | 37 (31–40) | 30 (26–32) | <0.001 | 32 (30–36) | 30 (26–33) | 0.028 |
RV length (mm) | 65 (60–73) | 70 (60–73) | 65 (60–72) | 0.488 | 69 (61–72) | 65 (60–73) | 0.561 |
Proximal RVOT diameter (mm) | 30 (27–34) | 30 (27–36) | 30 (27–34) | 0.893 | 30 (27–39) | 30 (27–34) | 0.364 |
TAPSE (mm) | 22 (20–25) | 20 (17–22) | 22 (20–25) | 0.004 | 16 (15–19) | 23 (20–25) | <0.001 |
S’ TDI (cm/s) | 13 (11–15) | 12 (9–13) | 13 (11–15) | 0.004 | 9 (8–9) | 14 (12–15) | <0.001 |
Tricuspid regurgitation | <0.001† | 0.015† | |||||
None/trivial | 123/200 (61.5) | 0/24 (0.0) | 123/176 (69.9) | 14/29 (48.3) | 100/171 (63.7) | ||
Mild | 63/200 (31.5) | 12/24 (50.0) | 51/176 (29.0) | 9/29 (31.0) | 54/171 (31.6) | ||
Moderate | 14/200 (7.0) | 12/24 (50.0) | 2/176 (1.1) | 6/29 (20.7) | 8/171 (4.7) | ||
Severe | 0/200 (0.0) | 0/24 (0.0) | 0/176 (0.0) | 0/29 (0.0) | 0/171 (0.0) | ||
RA area (cm2) | 14 (12–16) | 16 (13–21) | 14 (11–16) | 0.062 | 14 (11–21) | 14 (12–16) | 0.725 |
SPAP (mm Hg) | 29 (23–33) | 42 (39–47) | 25 (22–30) | <0.001 | 30 (25–40) | 28 (23–31) | 0.064 |
LVEF (%) | 59 (55–63) | 59 (56–65) | 59 (55–63) | 0.900 | 59 (50–63) | 59 (56–63) | 0.085 |
CVP (mm Hg) | <0.001† | 0.006† | |||||
0–5 | 152/200 (76.0) | 10/24 (41.7) | 142/176 (80.7) | 17/29 (58.6) | 135/171 (79.0) | ||
5–10 | 38/200 (19.0) | 8/24 (33.3) | 30/176 (17.1) | 7/29 (24.1) | 31/171 (18.1) | ||
10–20 | 10/200 (5.0) | 6/24 (25.0) | 4/176 (2.3) | 5/29 (17.2) | 5/171 (2.9) |
Data are presented as n/N (%) or median (Q25–Q75).
Bold values represent significant p values.
*χ2 test.
†Fisher’s exact test.
CVP, central venous pressure; HR, heart rate; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; NIV, non-invasive ventilation; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; PH, pulmonary hypertension; RV, right ventricle; RVD, right ventricular dysfunction; RVEDD, right ventricle end-diastolic diameter; RVOT, right ventricle outflow tract; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; S’TDI, tissue Doppler imaging S wave; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.