Baseline characteristics of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study cohort also stratified by lack of social support and social integration
| Total cohort (n=4139) | Lack of instrumental support | Lack of emotional support | Lack of financial support | Lack of social integration | Missings | |||||
| No (n=3638) | Yes (n=501) | No (n=3480) | Yes (n=659) | No (n=3232) | Yes (n=907) | No (n=3830) | Yes (n=309) | N (%) | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 59.1 (7.7) | 59.0 (7.7) | 59.7 (8.0) | 59.0 (7.7) | 59.5 (7.7) | 58.9 (7.7) | 59.8 (7.7) | 59.0 (7.6) | 60.4 (8.4) | 0 (0) |
| Male sex, N (%) | 1934 (46.7) | 1739 (47.8) | 195 (38.9)* | 1645 (47.3) | 289 (43.9) | 1468 (45.4) | 466 (51.4) | 1857 (48.5) | 77 (24.9)* | 0 (0) |
| Education (years), N (%) | * | * | * | * | 1 (0.1) | |||||
| ≤10, | 458 (11.1) | 377 (10.4) | 81 (16.2) | 353 (10.1) | 105 (15.9) | 324 (10.0) | 134 (14.8) | 377 (9.8) | 81 (26.2) | |
| 11–13 | 2302 (55.6) | 2019 (55.5) | 283 (56.5) | 1941 (55.8) | 361 (54.8) | 1848 (57.2) | 454 (50.1) | 2137 (55.8) | 165 (53.4) | |
| 14–17 | 917 (22.2) | 821 (22.6) | 96 (19.2) | 778 (22.4) | 139 (21.2) | 684 (21.2) | 233 (25.7) | 874 (22.8) | 43 (13.9) | |
| ≥18 | 461 (11.1) | 420 (11.5) | 41 (8.1) | 407 (11.7) | 54 (8.1) | 376 (11.6) | 85 (9.4) | 441 (11.6) | 20 (6.5) | |
| Monthly household equivalent income (€), mean (SD) | 1590 (710) | 1613 (714) | 1419 (650)* | 1620 (719) | 1429 (637)* | 1612 (710) | 1510 (702)* | 1614 (708) | 1300 (665)* | 252 (6.1) |
| No employment, N (%) | 2234 (54.0) | 1924 (52.9) | 310 (61.9)* | 1843 (53.0) | 391 (59.3)* | 1703 (52.7) | 531 (58.5)* | 2034 (53.1) | 200 (64.7)* | 0 (0) |
| Depression (score), median (IQR) | 7.0 (4.0–11.0) | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | 10.0 (6.0–16.1)* | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | 10.4 (6.0–16.0)* | 6.0 (3.0–10.0) | 8.0 (5.0–13.0)* | 6.0 (4.0–10.0) | 9.0 (5.7–15.0)* | 101 (2.4) |
| Current smoking, N (%) | 955 (23.1) | 825 (22.7) | 130 (25.9) | 797 (22.9) | 158 (24.0) | 723 (22.4) | 232 (25.6) | 846 (22.1) | 109 (35.3)* | 0 (0) |
| Alcohol consumption (g/week), median (IQR) | 13.9 (0.0–66.0) | 13.9 (0.0–69.2) | 6.9 (0.0–55.3)* | 13.9 (0.0–67.2) | 8.2 (0.0–55.6) | 13.9 (0.0–63.9) | 13.9 (0.0–69.5) | 13.9 (0.0–69.3) | 0.0 (0.0–27.8)* | 72 (1.7) |
| No regular physical activity, N (%) | 1960 (47.4) | 1682 (46.2) | 278 (55.5)* | 1617 (46.5) | 343 (52.0) | 1455 (45.0) | 505 (55.7)* | 1742 (45.5) | 218 (70.6)* | 0 (0) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.8 (4.6) | 27.8 (4.6) | 27.7 (4.5) | 27.8 (4.6) | 28.2 (4.9) | 27.7 (4.6) | 28.1 (4.9) | 27.8 (4.6) | 27.8 (5.2) | 16 (0.4) |
| SBP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 132.4 (20.6) | 132.6 (20.4) | 130.6 (21.2) | 132.4 (20.3) | 132.3 (21.8) | 132.1 (20.3) | 133.5 (21.5) | 132.4 (20.4) | 131.6 (23.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| LDL (mg/dL), mean (SD) | 147.1 (36.1) | 147.1 (35.9) | 146.8 (37.2) | 147.4 (36.2) | 145.2 (35.2) | 147.3 (36.0) | 146.1 (36.3) | 147.0 (36.1) | 147.9 (35.9) | 32 (0.8) |
| HDL (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 56.0 (46.0–69.0) | 56.0 (47.0–69.0) | 57.0 (46.0–70.0) | 56.0 (46.0–69.0) | 57.0 (46.8–69.0) | 57.0 (47.0–69.0) | 55.0 (45.0–69.0) | 56.0 (46.0–69.0) | 57.0 (48.0–69.0) | 20 (0.5) |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.49 (0.79) | 5.49 (0.79) | 5.51 (0.82) | 5.50 (0.77) | 5.50 (0.90) | 5.48 (0.75) | 5.53 (0.92) | 5.49 (0.79) | 5.55 (0.77) | 47 (1.1) |
| Antihypertensives, N (%) | 1280 (30.9) | 1100 (30.2) | 180 (35.9) | 1070 (30.7) | 210 (31.9) | 988 (30.6) | 292 (32.2) | 1172 (30.6) | 108 (35.0) | 0 (0) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs, N (%) | 353 (9.0) | 312 (9.1) | 41 (8.5) | 302 (9.2) | 51 (8.2) | 280 (9.2) | 73 (8.5) | 329 (9.1) | 24 (8.0) | 225 (5.4) |
| Antidiabetics, N (%) | 184 (4.7) | 163 (4.7) | 21 (4.2) | 156 (4.7) | 28 (4.5) | 136 (4.4) | 48 (5.6) | 162 (4.5) | 22 (7.4) | 225 (5.4) |
| Antidepressants, N (%) | 200 (5.1) | 153 (4.5) | 47 (9.8)* | 146 (4.4) | 54 (8.6)* | 145 (4.7) | 55 (6.4) | 178 (4.9) | 22 (7.4) | 226 (5.5) |
| Anxiolytics, N (%) | 91 (2.3) | 75 (2.2) | 16 (3.3) | 71 (2.2) | 20 (3.2) | 59 (1.9) | 32 (3.7) | 77 (2.1) | 14 (4.7) | 225 (5.4) |
*P<0.001 versus no lack.
BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure.