Table 3

Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for risk of COVID-19 positive test associated with ACE inhibitor and ARB exposure by ethnic group

	ACE inhibitor	P value	ARB	P value
	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted HR (95% CI)	P value
White	0.66 (0.63 to 0.70)	<0.001	0.56 (0.52 to 0.62)	<0.001
Indian	0.74 (0.61 to 0.90)	0.003	0.66 (0.52 to 0.82)	<0.001
Pakistani	0.83 (0.64 to 1.09)	0.182	0.78 (0.57 to 1.06)	0.114
Bangladeshi	0.97 (0.72 to 1.31)	0.847	0.74 (0.49 to 1.13)	0.164
Other Asian	0.81 (0.64 to 1.03)	0.084	0.96 (0.73 to 1.23)	0.726
Caribbean	1.05 (0.87 to 1.28)	0.480	0.70 (0.53 to 0.92)	0.010
Black African	1.31 (1.08 to 1.59)	0.005	1.24 (0.99 to 1.58)	0.062
Chinese	0.73 (0.30 to 1.79)	0.575	1.53 (0.77 to 3.01)	0.223
Other ethnic group	0.82 (0.67 to 1.05)	0.122	1.09 (0.86 to 1.39)	0.475

HRs are comparing risks of COVID-19 in users versus non-users of ACE inhibitor and ARB, and are adjusted for age, sex, deprivation, geographical region, comorbidities (including hypertension included as a binary variable) and other medications listed in table 1.
ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.