Baseline characteristics of men and women aged 20–99 years registered with QResearch practices on 1 January 2020 and characteristics of patients with each of the two primary outcomes
| Category | Total population (column %) | COVID-19 positive (column %) | COVID-19 ICU admission (column %) |
| Total population | 8 275 949 | 19 486 | 1286 |
| Male | 4 115 973 (49.73) | 9376 (48.12) | 940 (73.09) |
| Age (years) | |||
| Mean age (SD) | 48.47 (18.41) | 62.18 (20.84) | 59.19 (12.52) |
| 20–39 | 3 135 980 (37.89) | 3487 (17.89) | 95 (7.39) |
| 40–49 | 1 399 562 (16.91) | 2474 (12.70) | 159 (12.36) |
| 50–59 | 1 386 093 (16.75) | 2927 (15.02) | 366 (28.46) |
| 60–69 | 1 037 077 (12.53) | 2462 (12.63) | 387 (30.09) |
| 70–79 | 802 224 (9.69) | 2734 (14.03) | 242 (18.82) |
| 80+ years | 515 013 (6.22) | 5402 (27.72) | 37 (2.88) |
| Material deprivation | |||
| Quintile 1 (most affluent) | 1 877 761 (22.69) | 3834 (19.68) | 214 (16.64) |
| Quintile 2 | 1 819 942 (21.99) | 3970 (20.37) | 215 (16.72) |
| Quintile 3 | 1 671 924 (20.20) | 4205 (21.58) | 237 (18.43) |
| Quintile 4 | 1 490 725 (18.01) | 3846 (19.74) | 248 (19.28) |
| Quintile 5 (most deprived) | 1 415 597 (17.10) | 3631 (18.63) | 372 (28.93) |
| Ethnicity recorded | 6 691 660 (80.86) | 16 379 (84.06) | 1111 (86.39) |
| White/not recorded | 6 960 062 (84.10) | 14 976 (76.86) | 788 (61.28) |
| Indian | 228 467 (2.76) | 847 (4.35) | 66 (5.13) |
| Pakistani | 147 397 (1.78) | 399 (2.05) | 48 (3.73) |
| Bangladeshi | 110 368 (1.33) | 256 (1.31) | 44 (3.42) |
| Other Asian | 146 174 (1.77) | 661 (3.39) | 70 (5.44) |
| Caribbean | 93 949 (1.14) | 557 (2.86) | 59 (4.59) |
| Black African | 199 200 (2.41) | 812 (4.17) | 106 (8.24) |
| Chinese | 82 984 (1.00) | 87 (0.45) | 12 (0.93) |
| Other ethnic group | 307 348 (3.71) | 891 (4.57) | 93 (7.23) |
| Geographical region | |||
| East Midlands | 216 535 (2.62) | 238 (1.22) | 13 (1.01) |
| East of England | 296 236 (3.58) | 562 (2.88) | 19 (1.48) |
| London | 2 080 923 (25.14) | 6059 (31.09) | 588 (45.72) |
| North East | 194 027 (2.34) | 600 (3.08) | 26 (2.02) |
| North West | 1 471 787 (17.78) | 4042 (20.74) | 220 (17.11) |
| South Central | 1 104 114 (13.34) | 2600 (13.34) | 123 (9.56) |
| South East | 927 208 (11.20) | 1982 (10.17) | 119 (9.25) |
| South West | 899 722 (10.87) | 1055 (5.41) | 52 (4.04) |
| West Midlands | 781 297 (9.44) | 1759 (9.03) | 95 (7.39) |
| Yorkshire and Humber | 304 100 (3.67) | 589 (3.02) | 31 (2.41) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Never smoker | 4 745 455 (57.34) | 12 036 (61.77) | 791 (61.51) |
| Ex-smoker | 1 774 275 (21.44) | 5715 (29.33) | 427 (33.20) |
| Light smoker | 1 109 154 (13.40) | 1102 (5.66) | 47 (3.65) |
| Moderate smoker | 213 629 (2.58) | 155 (0.80) | 7 (0.54) |
| Heavy smoker | 98 748 (1.19) | 97 (0.50) | 2 (0.16) |
| Smoking not recorded | 334 688 (4.04) | 381 (1.96) | 12 (0.93) |
| Body mass index (BMI) | |||
| BMI <20 kg/m2 | 543 347 (6.57) | 1076 (5.52) | 13 (1.01) |
| BMI 20–24.99 kg/m2 | 2 438 268 (29.46) | 4913 (25.21) | 165 (12.83) |
| BMI 25–29.99 kg/m2 | 2 344 187 (28.33) | 5925 (30.41) | 410 (31.88) |
| BMI 30–34.99 kg/m2 | 1 090 042 (13.17) | 3435 (17.63) | 341 (26.52) |
| BMI 35+ kg/m2 | 619 487 (7.49) | 2409 (12.36) | 294 (22.86) |
| BMI not recorded | 1 240 618 (14.99) | 1728 (8.87) | 63 (4.90) |
| Concurrent morbidity | |||
| Chronic renal disease | 338 693 (4.09) | 3442 (17.66) | 152 (11.82) |
| Asthma | 1 089 645 (13.17) | 2764 (14.18) | 178 (13.84) |
| COPD | 195 115 (2.36) | 1421 (7.29) | 46 (3.58) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 433 631 (5.24) | 3552 (18.23) | 141 (10.96) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 201 911 (2.44) | 1870 (9.60) | 41 (3.19) |
| Congestive cardiac failure | 97 118 (1.17) | 1211 (6.21) | 25 (1.94) |
| Type 1 diabetes | 39 094 (0.47) | 208 (1.07) | 23 (1.79) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 536 516 (6.48) | 4027 (20.67) | 379 (29.47) |
| Hypertension diagnosis | 1 414 021 (17.09) | 7585 (38.93) | 584 (45.41) |
| No medication | 256 762 (3.10) | 1804 (9.26) | 93 (7.23) |
| Monotherapy | 773 675 (9.35) | 3754 (19.27) | 249 (19.36) |
| Dual therapy | 516 178 (6.24) | 2540 (13.03) | 215 (16.72) |
| Triple therapy | 190 856 (2.31) | 1005 (5.16) | 119 (9.25) |
| Long-term medication | |||
| ACE inhibitor | 645 577 (7.80) | 2864 (14.70) | 266 (20.68) |
| ARB | 308 881 (3.73) | 1417 (7.27) | 154 (11.98) |
| Beta-blockers | 525 149 (6.35) | 3185 (16.35) | 170 (13.22) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 654 171 (7.90) | 3293 (16.90) | 353 (27.45) |
| Other diabetes drugs | 151 074 (1.83) | 1183 (6.07) | 148 (11.51) |
| Sulfonylureas | 98 908 (1.20) | 808 (4.15) | 110 (8.55) |
| Biguanides | 328 387 (3.97) | 2135 (10.96) | 262 (20.37) |
| Anticoagulants | 207 061 (2.50) | 1872 (9.61) | 43 (3.34) |
| Antiplatelets | 410 816 (4.96) | 3049 (15.65) | 172 (13.37) |
| Statins | 1 073 039 (12.97) | 5616 (28.82) | 487 (37.87) |
| Thiazides | 220 143 (2.66) | 803 (4.12) | 96 (7.47) |
| Potassium-sparing diuretics | 46 825 (0.57) | 417 (2.14) | 11 (0.86) |
Values are number (%) of patients unless indicated otherwise.
ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU, intensive care unit.