Hazard of cardiovascular event recurrence and all-cause mortality in a tri-ethnic population in London, England between 1989 and 2017
| Total events | Person-years of follow-up | Crude rate | Unadjusted HR (95%) | Age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR (95%) | Multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI)* | |
| Major adverse cardiovascular event† | ||||||
| European‡ | 207 | 1767 | 117.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| South Asian | 286 | 2105 | 135.9 | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.39) | 1.19 (0.99 to 1.43) | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.21) |
| African Caribbean | 44 | 356 | 123.6 | 1.04 (0.75 to 1.44) | 1.06 (0.77 to 1.47) | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.47) |
| Cardiovascular event recurrence† | ||||||
| European‡ | 161 | 1767 | 91.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| South Asian | 248 | 2070 | 119.8 | 1.31 (1.07 to 1.59) | 1.26 (1.03 to 1.54) | 1.06 (0.82 to 1.35) |
| African Caribbean | 35 | 356 | 98.3 | 1.06 (0.74 to 1.53) | 1.09 (0.76 to 1.58) | 1.06 (0.72 to 1.56) |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||
| European‡ | 159 | 3197 | 49.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| South Asian | 151 | 4390 | 34.4 | 0.66 (0.53 to 0.83) | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.14) | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.26) |
| African Caribbean | 28 | 583 | 48.0 | 1.01 (0.68 to 1.51) | 1.07 (0.72 to 1.61) | 1.07 (0.70 to 1.64) |
*Multivariable adjusted model adjusted for the following: age at the index cardiovascular event, sex, vascular risk factors (known hypertension, known diabetes, body mass index, total triglycerides), lifestyle risk factors (smoking, healthy diet, physical activity and alcohol use) and days of hospitalisation at the index cardiovascular event.
†Using cause-specific proportional hazard models.
‡European ethnic group as the comparison group.