Baseline characteristics in those with and without recurrent AT/AF*
| All patients | Recurrent AT/AF | No recurrent AT/AF | P value | |
| n=518 | n=154 | n=364 | ||
| Age, median (q1, q3) | 64 (58 to 70), | 65 (60 to 70), | 64 (57 to 70), | 0.076 |
| Female | 174 (33.6%) | 61 (39.6%) | 113 (31.0%) | 0.059 |
| Weight, median (q1, q3) | 87 (76 to 98) | 88 (77 to 101) | 86 (76 to 97) | 0.231 |
| BMI, median (q1, q3) | 28 (25 to 31) | 29 (26 to 32) | 28 (25 to 31) | 0.184 |
| CHA2DS2VASc score, median (q1, q3) | 2 (2 to 3) | 3 (2 to 3) | 2 (1 to 3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 468 (90.3%) | 136 (88.3%) | 332 (91.2%) | 0.307 |
| Systolic blood pressure, median (q1, q3) | 140 (125 to 151) | 139 (125 to 151) | 140 (125 to 150) | 0.990 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, median (q1, q3) | 83 (76 to 90) | 85 (76 to 92) | 81 (75 to 90) | 0.145 |
| COPD, n (%) | 33 (6.4%) | 8 (5.2%) | 25 (6.9%) | 0.476 |
| Heart failure | 164 (31.7%) | 58 (37.7%) | 106 (29.1%) | 0.040 |
| NYHA I | 48 (9.3%) | 18 (11.7%) | 30 (8.2%) | |
| NYHA II | 98 (18.9%) | 30 (19.5%) | 68 (18.7%) | |
| NYHA III | 18 (3.5%) | 10 (6.5%) | 8 (2.2%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 58 (11.2%) | 23 (14.9%) | 35 (9.6%) | 0.079 |
| Prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack, n (%) | 40 (7.7%) | 18 (11.7%) | 22 (6.0%) | 0.028 |
| Coronary Artery Disease, n (%) | 66 (12.7%) | 27 (17.5%) | 39 (10.7%) | 0.033 |
| Prior major bleeding | 11 (2.1%) | 8 (5.2%) | 3 (0.8%) | 0.004 |
| Paroxysmal AF, n (%) | 299 (57.7%) | 76 (49.4%) | 223 (61.3%) | 0.012 |
| Persistent or long-standing persistent AF, n (%) | 219 (42.3%) | 78 (50.6%) | 141 (38.7%) | 0.012 |
| Concomitant therapy | ||||
| Amiodarone | 86 (16.6%) | 20 (13.0%) | 66 (18.1%) | 0.15 |
| Dronedarone | 11 (2.1%) | 4 (2.6%) | 7 (1.9%) | 0.74 |
| Flecainide | 102 (19.7%) | 21 (13.6%) | 81 (22.3%) | 0.024 |
| Propafenone | 14 (2.7%) | 4 (2.6%) | 10 (2.7%) | 1.000 |
| Sotalol | 16 (3.1%) | 4 (2.6%) | 12 (3.3%) | 0.787 |
| ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker | 309 (59.7%) | 102 (66.2%) | 207 (56.9%) | 0.047 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 122 (23.6%) | 33 (21.4%) | 89 (24.5%) | 0.459 |
| Diuretic | 179 (34.6%) | 62 (40.3%) | 117 (32.1%) | 0.076 |
| Statin | 186 (35.9%) | 51 (33.1%) | 135 (37.1%) | 0.389 |
| Beta blocker | 364 (70.3%) | 110 (71.4%) | 254 (69.8%) | 0.708 |
| Digoxin | 22 (4.3%) | 10 (6.5%) | 12 (3.3%) | 0.099 |
| Modified EHRA scale at baseline | 0.096 | |||
| mEHRA I, n (%) | 35 (6.8%) | 10 (6.5%) | 25 (6.9%) | |
| mEHRA IIa, n (%) | 129 (24.9%) | 28 (18.2%) | 101 (27.7%) | |
| mEHRA IIb, n (%) | 164 (31.7%) | 49 (31.8%) | 115 (31.6%) | |
| mEHRA III, n (%) | 180 (34.7%) | 62 (40.3%) | 118 (32.4%) | |
| mEHRA IV, n (%) | 10 (1.9%) | 5 (3.2%) | 5 (1.4%) | |
| Rhythm at time of ablation | ||||
| Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 358 (69.1%) | 87 (56.5%) | 271 (74.5%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 144 (27.86%) | 63 (40.9%) | 81 (22.3%) | |
| Atrial flutter, n (%) | 9 (1.7%) | 3 (1.9%) | 6 (1.6%) | |
| Pacing, n (%) | 7 (1.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 6 (1.6%) | |
| Type of ablation | 0.129 | |||
| Pulmonary vein isolation | 476 (91.9%) | 147 (95.5%) | 329 (90.4%) | |
| Pulmonary vein isolation with adjunctive ablation | 39 (7.5%) | 7 (4.5%) | 32 (8.8%) | |
| Other | 3 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (0.8%) | |
| Ablation energy source | 0.319 | |||
| Radiofrequency, n (%) | 323 (62.4%) | 100 (64.9%) | 223 (61.3%) | |
| Cryoablation, n (%) | 154 (29.7%) | 46 (29.9%) | 108 (29.7%) | |
| Other | 41 (7.9%) | 8 (5.2%) | 33 (9.1%) | |
*Fisher exact test was used when cell size was small, that is, n<5; otherwise Pearson’s χ² was used for categorical and Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used when data is not normally distributed; otherwise two-sample t-test used for continuous.
AF, atrial fibrillation; AT, atrial tachycardia; BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; mEHRA, modified European Heart Rhythm Association.