Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with IE
| Total (N=419) | |
| Demographics | |
| Age (years) | 56 (43–68) |
| Age ≥65 years | 138 (32.9) |
| Male sex | 275 (65.6) |
| Nosocomial infection | 91 (21.7) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Previous valve surgery | 83 (19.8) |
| Diabetes | 77 (18.4) |
| Antibiotic treatment within 30 days | 74 (17.7) |
| Cancer | 54 (12.9) |
| Renal disease | 43 (10.3) |
| Central venous catheter access | 32 (7.6) |
| Congestive heart failure | 29 (6.9) |
| Liver disease | 27 (6.5) |
| Haemodialysis | 23 (5.5) |
| Previous IE | 21 (5.0) |
| Cardiac device | 19 (4.5) |
| Immunosuppressive therapy | 18 (4.3) |
| Connective tissue disease | 15 (3.6) |
| Chemotherapy within 30 days | 15 (3.6) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 2 (0–4) |
| Clinical symptoms and signs | |
| Fever | 310 (74.0) |
| Sepsis, including septic shock | 294 (70.2) |
| Left ventricular dysfunction | 141 (33.7) |
| Neurological complications | 129 (30.8) |
| Peripheral embolic complications | 35 (8.4) |
| Signs of peripheral vasculitis | 9 (2.1) |
| Outcomes | |
| Acute renal failure | 62 (14.8) |
| New-onset heart failure | 58 (13.8) |
| New-onset conduction abnormality | 32 (7.6) |
| In-hospital mortality | 61 (14.6) |
| 30-day mortality | 37 (8.8) |
| 1-year mortality | 73 (17.4) |
Data are presented as median (IQR) or number (%) of patients.
IE, infective endocarditis.