Association between history of hypertension and stroke, by preadmission use of antihypertensive therapy
| All | HIC | UMIC-1 | UMIC-2 | LMIC/LIC | |
| OR (99% CI) | OR (99% CI) | OR (99% CI) | OR (99% CI) | OR (99% CI) | |
| All stroke | |||||
| Untreated hypertension | 5.25 (4.53 to 6.10) | 2.69 (1.60 to 4.51) | 4.19 (2.78 to 6.32) | 5.26 (4.23 to 6.55) | 7.06 (5.28 to 9.44) |
| Treated hypertension | 2.60 (2.32 to 2.91) | 2.22 (1.66 to 2.98) | 2.01 (1.48 to 2.74) | 2.59 (2.19 to 3.06) | 3.68 (2.85 to 4.76) |
| Ischaemic stroke | |||||
| Untreated hypertension | 4.76 (3.99 to 5.68) | 2.78 (1.61 to 4.81) | 4.12 (2.63 to 6.44) | 4.54 (3.50 to 5.90) | 6.80 (4.72 to 9.80) |
| Treated hypertension | 2.69 (2.35 to 3.06) | 2.37 (1.74 to 3.22) | 2.05 (1.47 to 2.85) | 2.55 (2.09 to 3.12) | 4.13 (3.01 to 5.67) |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | |||||
| Untreated hypertension | 6.95 (5.61 to 8.60) | 4.44 (1.19 to 16.58) | 4.33 (1.91 to 9.84) | 7.76 (5.75 to 10.47) | 7.66 (5.32 to 11.03) |
| Treated hypertension | 2.77 (2.30 to 3.32) | 1.63 (0.74 to 3.57) | 2.20 (1.05 to 4.64) | 3.02 (2.36 to 3.87) | 3.04 (2.14 to 4.30) |
Categorisation of economic level of country was based on information from World Bank in 2010, which represented the mid-interval of recruitment to the study. As the largest proportion of countries belonged to the upper middle-income category, we divided this category into two groups separated at the mid-point of GNI, with four categories of HIC, UMIC-1, UMIC-2 and LMIC/LICs, using GNI. Multivariable model including, age, smoking, WHR, diabetes, physical activity, alternate healthy eating index, alcohol intake, psychosocial factors, apolipoproteins and cardiac risk factors. Reference category is individuals with no prior hypertension or hypertension on interview blood pressure.
GNI, gross national income; HIC, high-income countries; LMIC/LIC, lower middle and lower-income countries; UMIC-1, upper middle-income countries-1; UMIC-2, upper middle-income countries-2.