Characteristics and outcomes in patients with OHCA in relation to income quartiles 2001–2014
| All patients (21 480) | ||||||
| Income quartile 1 5370 | Income quartile 2 5370 | Income quartile 3 5370 | Income quartile 4 5370 | P value | Missing value, n (%) | |
| Median household income, € (IQR) | 19 900 (18 400–21 200) | 24 900 (23 600–26 500) | 33 800 (31 000–37 400) | 55 100 (47 600–67 500) | – | – |
| Patient factors | ||||||
| Median age, year (IQR) | 77 (72–82) | 73 (66–80) | 68 (61–77) | 61 (54–68) | <0.001 | – |
| 30–65, n (%) | 602 (11.2) | 1193 (22.2) | 2054 (38.2) | 3587 (66.8) | <0.001 | – |
| >65, n (%) | 4768 (88.8) | 4177 (77.8) | 3316 (61.8) | 1783 (33.2) | <0.001 | – |
| Female, n (%) | 1985 (37.0) | 1957 (36.4) | 1606 (29.9) | 1109 (20.7) | <0.001 | – |
| Educational level, n (%) | ||||||
| Basic | 3674 (68.4) | 3209 (59.8) | 2426 (45.2) | 1335 (24.9) | <0.001 | – |
| High school and short secondary education | 1514 (28.2) | 1860 (34.6) | 2239 (41.7) | 2396 (44.6) | <0.001 | – |
| Bachelor’s, master’s, doctoral degree or equivalent | 182 (3.4) | 301 (5.6) | 705 (13.1) | 1639 (30.5) | <0.001 | – |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 722 (13.4) | 810 (15.1) | 669 (12.5) | 388 (7.2) | <0.001 | – |
| Ischaemic heart disease including myocardial infarction | 1646 (30.7) | 1619 (30.1) | 1517 (28.2) | 1199 (22.3) | <0.001 | – |
| Arrhythmia | 1229 (22.9) | 1273 (23.7) | 1070 (19.9) | 812 (15.1) | <0.001 | – |
| Congestive heart failure | 1284 (23.9) | 1233 (23.0) | 1094 (20.4) | 787 (14.7) | <0.001 | – |
| Diabetes | 930 (17.3) | 1109 (20.7) | 979 (18.2) | 702 (13.1) | <0.001 | – |
| COPD | 1076 (20.0) | 1110 (20.7) | 787 (14.7) | 354 (6.6) | <0.001 | – |
| Malignity | 706 (13.1) | 709 (13.2) | 677 (12.6) | 525 (9.8) | <0.001 | – |
| Cardiac arrest-related factors | ||||||
| Arrest in public, n (%) | 1135 (21.1) | 1399 (26.1) | 1327 (24.7) | 1806 (33.6) | <0.001 | – |
| Witnessed arrest, n (%) | 2739 (51.0) | 2734 (50.9) | 2761 (51.4) | 3097 (57.7) | <0.001 | – |
| Bystander CPR, n (%) | 1862 (34.7) | 2449 (45.6) | 2399 (44.7) | 3093 (57.6) | <0.001 | – |
| Bystander defibrillation, n (%) | 60 (1.2) | 92 (1.8) | 115 (2.3) | 246 (4.8) | <0.001 | 1000 (4.6) |
| Bystander CPR in bystander defibrillated patients, n (%) | 53 (88.3) | 87 (94.6) | 109 (94.8) | 237 (96.3) | 0.119 | – |
| No bystander CPR in bystander defibrillated patients, n (%) | 7 (11.7) | 5 (5.4) | 6 (5.2) | 9 (3.7) | 0.119 | – |
| EMS response time (estimated median time interval from ambulance dispatch to arrival at scene), median (IQR) | 12 (7–19) | 12 (7–19) | 11 (7–18) | 12 (7–18) | 0.266 | 3066 (14.3) |
| Prehospital shockable heart rhythm, n (%) | 1089 (21.2) | 1200 (23.3) | 1451 (28.1) | 2124 (41.1) | <0.001 | 845 (3.9) |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Survival at hospital arrival, n (%) | 666 (13.1) | 859 (17.1) | 924 (18.4) | 1343 (26.8) | <0.001 | 1326 (6.2) |
| 30-day survival, n (%) | 226 (4.2) | 342 (6.4) | 479 (8.9) | 1043 (19.4) | <0.001 | – |
Median household income calculated in euro, rounded to the nearest €100 and adjusted to 2014, course=DKR7.44 per €1.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; EMS, emergency medical service; OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.