Association between subgroups of recreational substances and premature ASCVD
| Recreational substances | Patients with premature ASCVD (n=135 703) n (%) | Patients with non-premature ASCVD (n=1 112 455) n (%) | P value | *Partially adjusted OR (95% CI) | †Fully adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Tobacco use | 85 329 (62.9%) | 452 122 (40.6%) | <0.01 | 2.44 (2.42 to 2.48) | 1.97 (1.94 to 2.00) |
| Alcohol use | 43 159 (31.8%) | 164 714 (14.8%) | <0.01 | 2.57 (2.54 to 2.61) | 1.50 (1.47 to 1.52) |
| Illicit drug use | 27 576 (20.3%) | 53 045 (4.8%) | <0.01 | 4.51 (4.44 to 4.60) | 2.87 (2.81 to 2.93) |
| Cocaine use | 16 335 (12.9%) | 27 415 (2.5%) | <0.01 | 4.37 (4.27 to 4.47) | 2.44 (2.38 to 2.50) |
| Amphetamine use | 3897 (2.9%) | 5802 (0.5%) | <0.01 | 4.88 (4.67 to 5.10) | 2.74 (2.62 to 2.87) |
| Cannabis use | 17 014 (12.5%) | 30 055 (2.7%) | <0.01 | 4.45 (4.36 to 4.55) | 2.65 (2.59 to 2.71) |
| Other drugs/unspecified | 17 608 (13.0%) | 30 941 (2.8%) | <0.01 | 4.40 (4.30 to 4.49) | 2.53 (2.47 to 2.59) |
*Partially adjusted model: adjusted for patient’s gender, race, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, presence of ischaemic heart disease and Diagnostic Cost Group Relative Risk Score (marker of patient’s overall illness burden).
†Fully adjusted model: adjusted for variables in the partially adjusted model and in addition adjusted for two other categories of drug use (eg, tobacco use regression model was adjusted for concomitant alcohol abuse and illicit drug use).
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.