Association between men with recreational substance use and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
| Recreational substances | Men with premature ASCVD (n=116 185) n (%) | Men with non-premature ASCVD (n=1 104 318) n (%) | P value | *Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
| Tobacco use | 75 185 (64.4%) | 449 612 (40.7%) | <0.01 | 1.95 (1.93 to 1.98) |
| Alcohol use | 39 550 (33.9%) | 164 266 (14.9%) | <0.01 | 1.49 (1.46 to 1.51) |
| Illicit drug use | 25 148 (21.5%) | 52 949 (4.8%) | <0.01 | 2.89 (2.82 to 2.93) |
| Cocaine use | 15 030 (12.9%) | 27 380 (2.5%) | <0.01 | 2.46 (2.40 to 2.53) |
| Amphetamine use | 3556 (3.1%) | 5791 (0.5%) | <0.01 | 2.74 (2.61 to 2.86) |
| Cannabis use | 15 558 (13.3%) | 30 004 (2.7%) | <0.01 | 2.65 (2.59 to 2.71) |
| Other drugs/unspecified | 16 118 (13.8%) | 30 878 (2.8%) | <0.01 | 2.55 (2.49 to 2.61) |
*Adjusted for patient’s race, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolaemia, presence of ischaemic heart disease and Diagnostic Cost Group Relative Risk Score (marker of patient’s overall illness burden). In addition, this model was adjusted for two other categories of drug use (eg, tobacco use regression model was adjusted for concomitant alcohol abuse and illicit drug use).
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.