HF-non-ACHD, N=31 137 414 | SV-ACHD-HF, N=2775 | 2V-ACHD-HF, N=73 782 | |||||
n (%) or median (IQR) | n (%) or median (IQR) | OR (95% CI) or ratio (95% CI) | P value (vs HF-non-ACHD) | n (%) or median (IQR) | OR (95% CI) or ratio (95% CI) | P value (vs HF-non-ACHD) | |
Mortality | 1 708 855 (5.5) | 183 (6.6) | 1.60 (1.16 to 2.26) | <0.001 | 4619 (6.3) | 1.15 (1.08 to 1.24) | <0.001 |
Length of stay | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2–9) | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.17) | 0.0018 | 5 (2–8) | 1.08 (1.07 to 1.10) | <0.001 |
Transplant | 13 535 (0.04) | 49 (1.8) | – | – | 322 (0.4) | 1.66 (1.25 to 2.20) | <0.001 |
VAD | 23 294 (0.07%) | 19 (0.7) | – | – | 209 (0.3) | 0.66 (0.48 to 0.92) | 0.0015 |
ECMO | 16 224 (0.05) | (0.4)* | – | – | 396 (0.5) | 1.84 (1.44 to 2.36) | <0.001 |
Intra-aortic balloon pump | 244 956 (0.8) | (0.4)* | – | – | 2135 (2.9) | 2.33 (2.10 to 2.59) | <0.001 |
Internal cardiac defibrillator | 236 580 (0.8) | 15 (0.5) | – | – | 1342 (1.8) | 1.38 (1.21 to 1.57) | <0.001 |
Cardiac catheterisation or Swann central catheter placement | 4 268 637 (14) | 514 (19) | – | – | 20 166 (27) | 1.82 (1.72 to 1.92) | <0.001 |
Inpatient costs† | $32.3K ($17.1K–$65.7K) | $47.4K ($20.9K–$124.6) | 1.14 (1.03 to 1.27) | 0.016 | $49.3K ($22.0K–$121.3K) | 1.33 (1.30 to 1.35) | <0.0001 |
NIS database. Adjusting for age, gender, insurance type, hospital affiliation, year and comorbidities. Regression analysis not performed for some SV-ACHD-HF data due to limited patient numbers.
*Cell counts which is less than or equal to 10 are not allowed to be reported according to the data usage agreement.
†Inpatient costs inflated and adjusted to 2016 costs.
ACHD-HF, adults with congenital heart disease and heart failure; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; NIS, Nationwide Inpatient Sample; SV, single-ventricle; 2V, two-ventricle; VAD, ventricular assist device.