Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor cardiovascular outcomes trials in patients with type 2 diabetes
| Study | Agent | Sample size (n) | Key inclusion criteria | Average age (years) | Follow-up duration (years) | Key findings |
| EMPA REG OUTCOME6 | Empagliflozin | Total: 7020 Drug: 4687 Placebo: 2333 | T2D and CVD, HbA1c 7%–10% | 63 | 3.1 | MACE: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.99); MI: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.09); stroke: HR 1.18 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.56); CV death: HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.77); HF hospitalisation: HR 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.85). |
| CANVAS7 | Canagliflozin | Total: 10 142 Drug: 5795 Placebo: 4347 | T2D and history of or high risk for CVD, HbA1c 7%–10.5% | 63 | 2.4 | MACE: HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97); MI: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.09); stroke: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.09); CV death: HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.06); HF hospitalisation: HR 0.67 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.87). |
| DECLARE TIMI 585 | Dapagliflozin | Total: 17 160 Drug: 8582 Placebo: 8578 | T2D with and without history of CVD, HbA1c 6.5%–12% | 64 | 4.2 | MACE: HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.03); MI: HR 0.89 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.01); stroke: HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.21); CV death: HR 0.98 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.17); HF hospitalisation: HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.88). |
| VERTIS CV42 | Ertugliflozin | Total: 8246 Drug: 5493 Placebo: 2745 | T2D and ASCVD, HbA1c 7%–10.5% | 64 | 3.5 | MACE: HR 0.97 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.11); CV death: HR 0.92 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.11); HF hospitalisation: HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.90). |
Adapted from Gulsin et al.9
ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CV, cardiovascular; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HF, heart failure; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; MI, myocardial infarction; T2D, type 2 diabetes.