Comparison of the professional characteristics of the cardiologists
| Male % (n) | Female % (n) | P value* | Total sample % (n) | ||
| Race | White British or white/other | 73.5 (97) | 76.2 (32) | >0.05 | 74.1 (129) |
| Black, Asian or other† | 26.5 (35) | 23.8 (10) | 25.9 (45) | ||
| Work mode | Full-time | 93.1 (122) | 92.3 (36) | >0.05 | 92.9 (158) |
| Part-time | 6.9 (9) | 7.7 (3) | 7.1 (12) | ||
| Medical practice setting | 100% NHS | 40.2 (53) | 71.4 (30) | <0.05 | 47.7 (83) |
| Joint academic/research with private work | 3.0 (4) | 0.0 (0) | 2.3 (4) | ||
| Joint NHS with private work | 42.4 (56) | 26.2 (11) | 38.5 (67) | ||
| Joint NHS/academic (academic majority) | 3.0 (4) | 0.0 (0) | 2.3 (4) | ||
| Joint NHS/academic (NHS majority) | 6.1 (8) | 0.0 (0) | 4.6 (8) | ||
| Other | 3.8 (5) | 2.4 (1) | 3.4 (6) | ||
| Private practice | 1.5 (2) | 0.0 (0) | 1.1 (2) | ||
| Type of hospital | Tertiary hospital | 50.8 (67) | 52.4 (22) | >0.05 | 51.1 (89) |
| District general hospital | 37.9 (50) | 42.9 (18) | 39.1 (68) | ||
| Combination/other | 11.4 (15) | 4.8 (2) | 9.8 (17) | ||
| Role | ACHD | 2.3 (3) | 9.5 (4) | <0.05 | 4.0 (7) |
| Cardiac research | 0.8 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 0.6 (1) | ||
| Diagnostic invasive cardiologist | 2.3 (3) | 0.0 (0) | 1.7 (3) | ||
| Electrophysiologist | 8.3 (11) | 0.0 (0) | 6.3 (11) | ||
| General cardiologist | 25.8 (34) | 21.4 (9) | 24.7 (43) | ||
| Heart failure | 8.3 (11) | 14.3 (6) | 9.8 (17) | ||
| Imaging | 5.3 (7) | 19.0 (8) | 8.6 (15) | ||
| Interventional invasive | 40.9 (54) | 26.2 (11) | 37.4 (65) | ||
| Other | 3.0 (4) | 7.1 (3) | 4.0 (7) | ||
| Paediatric | 2.3 (3) | 2.4 (1) | 2.3 (4) | ||
| Transplant | 0.8 (1) | 0.0 (0) | 0.6 (1) | ||
| Mentored | Had at least one career mentor during subspecialty training | 51.5 (68) | 52.4 (22) | >0.05 | 51.7 (90 |
| Not mentored | 48.5 (64) | 47.6 (20) | 48.3 (83) | ||
| Impact of radiation risk on career choices | Altered focus of training/practice to reduce risk of radiation exposure | 31.1 (41) | 26.2 (11) | >0.05 | 29.9 (52) |
| Not altered focus | 68.9 (91) | 73.8 (31) | 70.1 (122) |
Significant p values are in bold.
*χ2 test of gender differences.
†74.1% were white/white British and 16% Indian/Pakistani British; 1.1% were Chinese/Chinese British and 0.6% black/Caribbean/British.
ACHD, adult congenital heart disease; NHS, National Health Service.