Baseline characteristics of the OxVALVE cohort according to the presence of valvular heart disease*
| Characteristics | Valvular heart disease | ||
| No | Mild | Significant | |
| Total | 1751 | 1578 | 182 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 71.5 (5.1) | 73.4 (6.3) | 76.4 (7.2) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 829 (47.3) | 850 (53.9) | 90 (49.4) |
| Female | 922 (52.7) | 728 (46.1) | 92 (50.6) |
| Medical history | |||
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 68 (3.9) | 75 (4.8) | 14 (7.7) |
| NYHA class, n (%) | |||
| I | 1422 (81.2) | 1272 (80.6) | 117 (64.3) |
| II | 287 (16.4) | 282 (17.9) | 60 (33.0) |
| III | 42 (2.4) | 24 (1.52) | 5 (2.8) |
| Angina, n (%) | 126 (7.2) | 120 (7.6) | 15 (8.2) |
| Angiography, n (%) | 116 (6.6) | 136 (8.6) | 30 (16.5) |
| Ankle oedema, n (%) | 257 (14.7) | 209 (13.2) | 27 (14.8) |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 70 (4.0) | 114 (7.2) | 40 (22.0) |
| Coronary artery bypass graft, n (%) | 21 (1.2) | 30 (1.9) | 6 (3.3) |
| Cerebrovascular attack/transient ischaemic attack, n (%) | 89 (5.08) | 95 (6.0) | 15 (8.2) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 232 (13.3) | 141 (8.9) | 18 (10.0) |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 686 (39.2) | 552 (35.0) | 67 (36.8) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 815 (46.5) | 653 (41.4) | 88 (48.4) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention, n (%) | 61 (3.5) | 62 (3.9) | 12 (6.6) |
| Rheumatic fever, n (%) | 31 (1.8) | 33 (2.1) | 9 (5.0) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Non-smoker | 848 (48.4) | 925 (58.6) | 110 (60.4) |
| Ex-smoker | 768 (43.9) | 567 (35.9) | 61 (33.5) |
| Smoker | 134 (7.7) | 85 (5.4) | 11 (6.0) |
| Index of multiple deprivation (quintile), n (%) | |||
| 1 (least deprived) | 531 (30.3) | 454 (28.8) | 44 (24.2) |
| 2 | 654 (37.4) | 522 (33.1) | 52 (28.6) |
| 3 | 334 (19.1) | 363 (23.0) | 52 (28.6) |
| 4 | 179 (10.2) | 159 (10.1) | 26 (14.3) |
| 5 (most deprived) | 44 (2.5) | 75 (4.8) | 8 (4.4) |
| Examination | |||
| Height (m), mean (SD) | 1.68 (0.10) | 1.67 (0.09) | 1.66 (0.10) |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 81.0 (16.2) | 74.9 (14.6) | 72.2 (14.6) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.6 (5.0) | 26.9 (4.5) | 26.0 (4.2) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 143.2 (19.5) | 143.9 (20.6) | 146.9 (23.0) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 81.1 (11.2) | 79.7 (11.3) | 78.7 (13.3) |
| Heart rate (bpm), mean (SD) | 74.6 (12.3) | 71.1 (11.7) | 70.8 (12.8) |
| Aortic sclerosis, n (%) | |||
| None/trivial | 1124 (64.2) | 684 (43.4) | 50 (27.5) |
| Early | 600 (34.3) | 850 (53.9) | 124 (68.1) |
| Advanced (moderate/severe) | 27 (1.5) | 44 (2.8) | 8 (4.4) |
| Mitral annular calcification, n (%) | |||
| None/trivial | 1545 (88.2) | 1357 (86.0) | 146 (80.2) |
| Early | 190 (10.9) | 199 (12.6) | 28 (15.4) |
| Advanced (moderate/severe) | 16 (0.9) | 22 (1.4) | 8 (4.4) |
| Valve intervention, n (%) | |||
| Total | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 12 (6.6) |
| TAVI | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.7) |
| Aortic valve replacement | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (2.2) |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.7) |
*Valvular heart disease includes mitral regurgitation, mitral stenosis, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation, bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse.
bpm, beats per minute; NYHA, New York Heart Association; OxVALVE, Oxford Valvular Heart Disease population cohort study; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation.