Baseline characteristics by treatment at baseline
| Baseline characteristics | Patients treated with OAC | Patients not treated with OAC (N=7162) | ||
| FXaI (N=7694) | DTI (N=2090) | VKA (N=8605) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 4084 (53.1) | 1151 (55.1) | 4501 (52.3) | 3846 (53.7) |
| Female | 3610 (46.9) | 939 (44.9) | 4104 (47.7) | 3316 (46.3) |
| Age, median (Q1; Q3), years | 75.0 (69.0; 81.0) | 72.0 (66.0; 78.0) | 73.0 (67.0; 79.0) | 73.0 (66.0; 80.0) |
| Age, n (%), years | ||||
| <65 | 894 (11.6) | 375 (17.9) | 1468 (17.1) | 1423 (19.9) |
| 65–69 | 1322 (17.2) | 454 (21.7) | 1578 (18.3) | 1223 (17.1) |
| 70–74 | 1557 (20.2) | 414 (19.8) | 1708 (19.8) | 1276 (17.8) |
| ≥75 | 3921 (51.0) | 847 (40.5) | 3851 (44.8) | 3240 (45.2) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 4876 (65.2) | 1411 (68.7) | 5954 (70.5) | 3829 (54.5) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 351 (4.7) | 91 (4.4) | 733 (8.7) | 473 (6.7) |
| Asian | 2089 (27.9) | 510 (24.8) | 1590 (18.8) | 2602 (37.1) |
| Afro-Caribbean/mixed/other | 164 (2.2) | 42 (2.0) | 166 (2.0) | 118 (1.7) |
| Type of atrial fibrillation, n (%) | ||||
| Permanent | 1026 (13.3) | 184 (8.8) | 1540 (17.9) | 791 (11.0) |
| Persistent | 1222 (15.9) | 383 (18.3) | 1325 (15.4) | 698 (9.7) |
| Paroxysmal | 2530 (32.9) | 612 (29.3) | 1784 (20.7) | 2074 (29.0) |
| New onset (unclassified) | 2916 (37.9) | 911 (43.6) | 3956 (46.0) | 3599 (50.3) |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Heart failure | 1840 (23.9) | 566 (27.1) | 2220 (25.8) | 2110 (29.5) |
| Acute coronary syndromes | 890 (11.6) | 227 (10.9) | 1171 (13.7) | 1282 (18.1) |
| Vascular disease* | 1933 (25.1) | 590 (28.2) | 2562 (29.8) | 2818 (39.3) |
| Carotid occlusive disease | 281 (3.7) | 81 (3.9) | 297 (3.5) | 231 (3.3) |
| Venous thromboembolism | 194 (2.5) | 33 (1.6) | 235 (2.7) | 123 (1.7) |
| Prior stroke/TIA/SE | 1030 (13.4) | 266 (12.7) | 1170 (13.6) | 819 (11.4) |
| Prior bleeding | 168 (2.2) | 34 (1.6) | 146 (1.7) | 343 (4.8) |
| Hypertension | 6291 (81.8) | 1763 (84.4) | 7299 (84.9) | 5774 (80.7) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 3449 (46.2) | 1023 (50.3) | 3927 (47.8) | 2841 (42.0) |
| Diabetes | 1969 (25.6) | 569 (27.2) | 2563 (29.8) | 1882 (26.3) |
| Cirrhosis | 26 (0.3) | 6 (0.3) | 49 (0.6) | 55 (0.8) |
| Moderate to severe CKD | 904 (12.2) | 205 (10.1) | 1202 (14.7) | 849 (12.7) |
| Dementia | 166 (2.2) | 32 (1.5) | 93 (1.1) | 156 (2.2) |
| FXaI inhibitors medication, n (%) | ||||
| Rivaroxaban | 3845 (50.0) | – | – | – |
| Apixaban | 2945 (38.3) | – | – | – |
| Edoxaban | 270 (3.5) | – | – | – |
| Other/unknown | 634 (8.2) | – | – | – |
| AP treatment, n (%) | 1416 (18.4) | 369 (17.7) | 2176 (25.3) | 4626 (64.6) |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, median (Q1; Q3) | 4.0 (3.0; 4.0) | 4.0 (3.0; 4.0) | 4.0 (3.0; 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0; 5.0) |
| HAS-BLED score,† median (Q1; Q3) | 1.0 (1.0; 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0; 2.0) | 1.0 (1.0; 2.0) | 2.0 (1.0; 2.0) |
| GARFIELD-AF death score,‡ median (Q1; Q3) | 4.8 (3.0; 8.2) | 4.4 (2.6; 7.1) | 5.9 (3.7; 9.8) | 6.9 (4.0; 12.1) |
| GARFIELD-AF stroke score,§ median (Q1; Q3) | 1.4 (1.1; 2.0) | 1.3 (1.0; 1.8) | 1.7 (1.3; 2.4) | 2.4 (1.8; 3.5) |
| GARFIELD-AF bleeding score,¶ median (Q1; Q3) | 1.7 (1.2; 2.3) | 1.5 (1.1; 2.1) | 2.3 (1.7; 3.2) | 1.4 (1.0; 2.1) |
*Defined as peripheral artery disease and/or coronary artery disease.
†The risk factor ‘Labile INRs’ is not included in the HAS-BLED score as it is not collected at baseline. As a result, the maximum HAS-BLED score at baseline is 8 points (not 9).
‡Estimated probability of dying within two years of follow-up.
§Estimated probability of developing a non-haemorrhagic stroke/SE within two years of follow-up.
¶Estimated probability of developing a major bleeding within two years of follow-up.
AP, antiplatelet; CKD, chronic kidney disease; FXaI, factor Xa inhibitors; GARFIELD-AF, Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation; OAC, oral anticoagulant; SE, systemic embolism; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.