Characteristics of patients with ACHD and COVID-19 disease course
| Overall (N=105) | Uncomplicated course (n=92) | Complicated course (n=13) | P value* | |
| Age (years) | 38±13 | 37±12 | 47±13 | 0.009 |
| Age range (years) | 16–75 | 16–75 | 21–64 | |
| Female gender, n (%) | 61 (58) | 56 (61) | 5 (38) | 0.125 |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| BMI<25 | 66 (63) | 63 (68) | 3 (23) | |
| BMI 25–30 | 26 (25) | 21 (23) | 5 (38) | |
| BMI>30 | 13 (12) | 8 (9) | 5 (38) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 0.003 | |||
| None | 62 (59) | 58 (63) | 4 (31) | |
| One | 23 (22) | 21 (23) | 2 (15) | |
| Two or three | 20 (19) | 13 (14) | 7 (54) | |
| Cardiac defect | ||||
| Cyanotic heart disease or ES | 7 | 3 | 4 (2 deaths) | |
| Fontan circulation | 5 | 4 | 1 | |
| TGA | 9 | 8 | 1 | |
| Other complex defect | 4 | 4 | 0 | |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | 18 | 17 | 1 (1 death) | |
| Ebstein anomaly | 4 | 4 | 0 | |
| Aortic coarctation | 10 | 9 | 1 | |
| Other moderately complex defect | 8 | 7 | 1 | |
| Repaired shunt lesion | 17 | 17 | 0 | |
| Residual shunt lesion | 5 | 3 | 2 | |
| Repaired valve lesion | 12 | 9 | 3 (2 deaths) | |
| Unrepaired valve lesion | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
| Other simple defect | 3 | 3 | 0 | |
| Cardiac defect complexity, n (%) | 0.423 | |||
| Complex | 25 (24) | 20 (22) | 5 (38) | |
| Moderately complex | 39 (37) | 36 (39) | 3 (23) | |
| Simple | 41 (39) | 36 (39) | 5 (38) | |
| Main defect related residual problems | 0.089 | |||
| No residual problems | 39 (37) | 34 (37) | 5 (38) | |
| Valvular problems | 38 (36) | 36 (39) | 2 (15) | |
| Heart failure | 10 (10) | 9 (10) | 1 (8) | |
| Arrhythmia | 11 (10) | 9 (10) | 2 (15) | |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 7 (7) | 4 (4) | 3 (23) |
TGA includes patients with TGA after atrial switch, arterial switch and Rastelli-type procedure, as well as patients with congenitally corrected TGA; residual shunt lesion includes patients with a residual shunt after defect repair and patients with small, unrepaired shunts; other simple/moderately complex/complex defects include patients with corresponding lesions not included in any of the other categories.
*P value for the comparison of patients with and without complicated course.
ACHD, adult congenital heart disease; BMI, Body Mass Index; ES, Eisenmenger syndrome; TGA, transposition of the great arteries.