Table 2

Association of VHD stratified according to severity with all-cause and cause-specific mortality

Outcome VHD severity	N	n	PYs	MR	Crude model	P value	Multivariable model*	P value
All-cause mortality
No	1751	152	11 508	13.2	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Mild	1578	185	9685	19.1	1.51 (1.22–1.87)	<0.001	1.20 (0.96–1.51)	0.10
Significant	182	24	878	27.3	2.43 (1.58–3.75)	<0.001	1.47 (0.94–2.31)	0.09
CVD†
No	1751	34	11 508	3.0	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Mild	1578	44	9685	4.5	1.59 (1.02–2.49)	0.04	1.15 (0.72–1.83)	0.57
Significant	182	8	878	9.1	3.34 (1.54–7.26)	0.002	1.52 (0.63–3.68)	0.35
Cancer†
No	1751	79	11 508	6.9	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Mild	1578	76	9685	7.8	1.14 (0.83–1.57)	0.40	1.05 (0.76–1.45)	0.77
Significant	182	3	878	3.4	0.50 (0.16–1.60)	0.24	0.37 (0.11–1.24)	0.11
Respiratory disease†
No	1751	14	11 508	1.2	1.00 (reference)		1.00 (reference)
Mild	1578	19	9685	2.0	1.60 (0.80–3.17)	0.18	1.12 (0.54–2.32)	0.76
Significant	182	5	878	5.7	4.97 (1.80–13.7)	0.002	2.49 (0.91–6.77)	0.07

*Multivariable model was adjusted for sex, age, smoking status, index of multiple deprivation, rheumatic fever and atrial fibrillation.
†The Fine-Gray competing risks model was used to evaluate cause-specific mortality, with other causes of death modelled as a single competing outcome.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; MR, mortality rate per 1000 person-years; N, number at risk of death within category; n, number of deaths within category; PYs, person-years; VHD, valvular heart disease.