Participant characteristics
| Total cohort (N=1794) | Men (n=1311) | Women (n=483) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 69.6 (12.5) | 69.3 (12.1) | 70.4 (13.5) | 0.1 |
| Ischaemic aetiology (n (%)) | 1064 (59.3) | 835 (63.7) | 229 (47.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (n (%)) | 504 (28.1) | 384 (29.3) | 120 (24.8) | 0.06 |
| COPD (n (%)) | 283 (15.8) | 195 (14.9) | 88 (18.2) | 0.09 |
| CKD 4 or above (n (%)) | 141 (7.9) | 86 (6.6) | 55 (11.4) | 0.001 |
| NYHA class 3/4 (n (%)) | 551 (30.7) | 386 (29.5) | 165 (34.2) | 0.06 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 32 (9.5) | 31.7 (9.5) | 32.6 (9.5) | 0.08 |
| Beta blocker use (n (%)) | 1516 (84.7) | 1117 (85.5) | 399 (82.6) | 0.14 |
| QRS interval (ms) | 123.2 (31) | 125 (30.9) | 118.1 (30.7) | <0.001 |
| Bisoprolol equivalent dose (mg/day) | 3.9 (3.4) | 4 (3.4) | 3.5 (3.3) | 0.01 |
| ACEi or ARB use (n (%)) | 1618 (90.4) | 1195 (91.4) | 423 (87.6) | 0.014 |
| Ramipril equivalent dose (mg/day) | 4.9 (3.5) | 5.1 (3.6) | 4.3 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| MRA use (n (%)) | 684 (38.2) | 507 (38.8) | 177 (38.8) | 0.41 |
| Furosemide equivalent dose (mg/day) | 51 (50) | 52 (52) | 49 (43) | 0.18 |
| CRT (n (%)) | 452 (25.2) | 353 (26.9) | 99 (20.5) | 0.005 |
| ICD (n (%)) | 209 (11.6) | 184 (14) | 25 (5.2) | <0.001 |
Continuous data displayed as mean (SD) and categorical data as n (%).
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronisation therapy; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; LV, left ventricular; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association.