Determinants of weight gain in the intervention group; candidate variables stratified by weight gain (≥1 kg of baseline weight)
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable model* | |||||
| Weight gain (≥1 kg) (n=100) | No weight gain (n=180) | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age (<65 years) | 81 (81.0) | 124 (68.9) | 1.93 (1.08 to 3.54) | 0.03 | 1.47 (0.78 to 2.78) | 0.23 |
| Sex (female) | 20 (20.0) | 45 (25.0) | 0.75 (0.41 to 1.34) | 0.34 | ||
| Ethnicity (non-Caucasian) | 10 (10.0) | 6 (3.3) | 3.22 (1.16 to 9.74) | 0.03 | 2.77 (0.90 to 8.55) | 0.08 |
| Level of education (lower)† | 62 (62.0) | 113 (62.8) | 0.97 (0.59 to 1.61) | 0.90 | ||
| Having a partner | 83 (83.0) | 151 (83.9) | 0.94 (0.49 to 1.84) | 0.85 | ||
| Baseline lifestyle-related risk factors | ||||||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Smoking at baseline‡ | 29 (29.0) | 28 (15.6) | 2.22 (1.23 to 4.02) | 0.01 | 2.70 (1.38 to 5.27) | 0.004 |
| Quit smoking before or during hospitalisation§ | 34 (34.0) | 31 (17.2) | 2.48 (1.41 to 4.38) | <0.01 | 3.21 (1.70 to 6.08) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 31.5±4.0 | 31.7±3.3 | 0.98 (0.91 to 1.05) | 0.62 | ||
| Inadequate physical activity¶ | 63 (63.0) | 109 (60.6) | 1.11 (0.67 to 1.85) | 0.69 | ||
| Established diabetes mellitus type 2 | 16 (16.0) | 32 (17.8) | 0.88 (0.45 to 1.68) | 0.71 | ||
| Participation in lifestyle programmes | ||||||
| Smoking cessation | 16 (16.0) | 14 (7.8) | 2.26 (1.05 to 4.91) | 0.04 | ||
| Physical activity | 49 (49.0) | 110 (61.1) | 0.61 (0.37 to 1.00) | 0.05 | ||
| Weight loss | 54 (54.0) | 128 (71.1) | 0.48 (0.29 to 0.79) | <0.01 | 0.59 (0.34 to 1.02) | 0.06 |
| Partner participating in WW | 21 (44.7) | 60 (55.6) | 0.65 (0.32 to 1.28) | 0.21 | ||
| Motivated for WW | 75 (78.9) | 141 (84.9) | 0.66 (0.35 to 1.29) | 0.22 | ||
Values presented as mean±SD or counts (%).
*Variables selected with backward elimination (pp<0157) in 20 imputed datasets and estimates pooled using Rubins’ rule.
†Lower education: all except universities of applied sciences and research universities.
‡Baseline urine–cotinine level >200 ng/mL.
§Smoking cessation ≤6 months before or during hospitalisation.
¶Self-reported based on WHO recommendations.
BMI, body mass index; WW, weight loss programme.