Baseline characteristics
| Intervention group (n=280) | Control group (n=257) | |
| Demographics (%) | ||
| Age (years) | 58.6±9.0 | 59.7±9.2 |
| Sex (female) | 65 (23.2) | 57 (22.2) |
| Ethnicity (Caucasian) | 264 (94.3) | 238 (92.6) |
| Education (higher)* | 105 (37.5) | 68 (26.5) |
| Partner | 234 (83.6) | 211 (82.1) |
| Index event (%) | ||
| STEMI | 114 (40.7) | 98 (38.1) |
| NSTEMI | 103 (36.8) | 88 (34.2) |
| Unstable AP | 26 (9.3) | 26 (10.1) |
| Stable angina revascularisation | 37 (13.2) | 45 (17.5) |
| Treatment index event (%) | ||
| PCI | 214 (76.4) | 202 (78.6) |
| CABG | 29 (10.4) | 30 (11.7) |
| Medication only | 37 (13.2) | 25 (9.7) |
| Previous CVD (%) | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 58 (20.7) | 65 (25.3) |
| Percutaneous coronary intervention | 45 (16.1) | 44 (17.1) |
| Coronary artery bypass surgery | 15 (5.4) | 10 (3.9) |
| Stroke | 5 (1.8) | 9 (3.5) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 18 (6.4) | 11 (4.3) |
| No known previous CVD | 184 (65.7) | 157 (61.1) |
| CVD risk factors (%) | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 48 (17.1) | 47 (18.3) |
| History of hypertension | 108 (38.6) | 115 (44.7) |
| History of dyslipidaemia | 73 (26.1) | 67 (26.1) |
| Smoking | ||
| Pre-event smoking† | 122 (43.6) | 104 (40.5) |
| Smoking at baseline‡ | 39 (13.9) | 45 (17.5) |
| Inadequate physical activity§ | 108 (38.6) | 101 (39.3) |
| BMI category | ||
| ≥27–<30 kg/m2 | 109 (38.9) | 118 (45.9) |
| ≥30–<35 kg/m2 | 126 (45.0) | 100 (38.9) |
| ≥35–<40 kg/m2 | 37 (13.2) | 31 (12.1) |
| ≥40 kg/m2 | 8 (2.9) | 8 (3.1) |
| Lifestyle-related risk factor groups (%) | ||
| BMI≥27 kg/m2 only | 65 (23.2) | 63 (24.5) |
| BMI≥27 kg/m2 and inadequate physical activity | 93 (33.2) | 90 (35.0) |
| BMI≥27 kg/m2 and smoking | 43 (15.4) | 38 (14.8) |
| BMI≥27 kg/m2, inadequate physical activity and smoking | 66 (25.7) | 79 (28.2) |
| Medication (%) | ||
| Antiplatelet | 278 (99.3) | 250 (97.3) |
| β-blockers | 234 (83.6) | 227 (88.3) |
| ACE inhibiter/ARB | 220 (78.6) | 185 (72.0) |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 271 (96.8) | 250 (97.3) |
Values presented as mean±SD and counts (%)
*Higher education: universities of applied sciences and research universities.
†Smoking ≤6 months before hospital admission.
‡Baseline urine-cotinine level >200 ng/mL.
§Self-reported based on WHO recommendations.
AP, angina pectoris; ARB, angiotensin II-receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CVD, cardiovascular disease; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STEMI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction.