Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the development of coronary artery calcium (CAC) (CAC >0) among participants with no coronary calcium (CAC=0) at baseline
| Model | Inactive | Moderately active | HEPA | P for trend |
| n | 9605 | 7587 | 2904 | |
| Model 1 | Reference | 1.00 (0.90, 1.11) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | 0.18 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 1.00 (0.91, 1.11) | 1.13 (0.99, 1.30) | 0.13 |
| Model 3 | Reference | 1.04 (0.93, 1.15) | 1.19 (1.04, 1.37) | 0.02 |
| Model 4 | Reference | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.38) | 0.01 |
| Model 5 | Reference | 1.04 (0.94, 1.15) | 1.21 (1.05, 1.38) | 0.01 |
Model 1: adjusted for age, sex and centre. Model 2: Model 1 + smoking, alcohol, education and family history of cardiovascular disease. Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting glucose. Model 4: Model 3 + history of diabetes and history of hypertension. Model 5: Model 4 + lipid-lowering therapy.
CAC, coronary artery calcium; HEPA, health-enhancing physically active.