Baseline characteristics by physical activity categories
| Characteristic | Overall | Inactive | Moderately active | HEPA | P for trend |
| n | 25 485 | 11 920 | 9683 | 3882 | |
| Age, years | 42.0 (6.1) | 41.7 (5.7) | 41.7 (6.1) | 43.2 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Men, % | 89.2 | 87.9 | 91.7 | 87.4 | 0.008 |
| Current smoker, % | 35.1 | 36.4 | 35.3 | 30.5 | <0.001 |
| High alcohol intake, % | 30.3 | 29.8 | 29.8 | 32.8 | 0.002 |
| Higher education, % | 79.9 | 80.2 | 81.7 | 74.1 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.7 (3.1) | 24.7 (3.2) | 24.7 (3.0) | 24.8 (3.0) | 0.10 |
| SBP, mmHg | 114.3 (12.4) | 113.8 (12.3) | 114.5 (12.4) | 115.2 (12.7) | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 74.9 (10.0) | 74.8 (10.0) | 75.0 (10.0) | 74.7 (10.0) | 0.96 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 99.5 (17.4) | 99.5 (17.9) | 99.4 (16.9) | 99.7 (16.8) | 0.60 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 204.6 (35.8) | 205.8 (36.4) | 204.4 (35.4) | 201.6 (34.8) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 131.9 (32.5) | 132.9 (32.9) | 131.9 (32.4) | 129.0 (31.9) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 52.6 (13.2) | 51.9 (13.1) | 52.5 (13.0) | 55.0 (13.8) | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 123 (87–177) | 129 (90–185) | 122 (87–177) | 109 (77–156) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 19.2 | 18.5 | 19.2 | 21.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 7.0 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 7.8 | 0.10 |
| Family history of CVD, % | 15.0 | 14.6 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 0.17 |
| Lipid-lowering therapy, % | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 0.73 |
| CAC score | 14.7 (75.7) | 11.8 (60.8) | 14.3 (71.0) | 24.3 (116.9) | <0.001 |
| CAC >0, % | 21.2 | 19.6 | 21.7 | 25.4 | <0.001 |
| CAC 1–99, % | 17.7 | 16.6 | 18.1 | 20.2 | |
| CAC ≥100, % | 3.4 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 5.0 |
Values are means (SD), medians (IQR) or percentages. High alcohol intake is defined as >30 g/day for men and >20 g/day for women. Higher education is defined as college graduate or higher.
BMI, body mass index; CAC, coronary artery calcium; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HEPA, health-enhancing physically active; IQR, interquartile range; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.