Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction
| Study | Agent | Sample size (n) | Patients | Baseline HF medications | Follow-up (months) | Key findings |
| DAPA-HF11 | Dapagliflozin 10 mg daily | Total: 4744 Drug: 2373 Placebo: 2371 | Age 66 years, 76% male, 42% diabetes, LV EF 31%, eGFR 66 mL/min/1.73 m2, NYHA class II 68%, class III 31%, class IV 1%. | ACEi 56%, ARB 28%, sacubitril-valsartan 11%, beta blocker 96%, MRA 71%. | 18 | CV death/HF hospitalisation: HR 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.85); worsening HF: HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.83); CV death: HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.98). |
| EMPEROR-Reduced12 | Empagliflozin 10 mg daily | Total: 3730 Drug: 1863 Placebo: 1867 | Age 67 years, 76% male, 50% diabetes, LV EF 27%, eGFR 62 mL/min/1.73 m2, NYHA class II 75%, class III 24%, class IV 1%. | ACEi/ARB 70%, sacubitril-valsartan 19%, beta blocker 95%, MRA 71%. | 16 | CV death/HF hospitalisation: HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.0.65 to 0.86); HF hospitalisation: HR 0.70 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.85). |
ACEi, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CV, cardiovascular; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LV, left ventricular; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association.