Spondyloarthritis | Inflammatory bowel disease | ||||
Rheumatoid arthritis | Ankylosing spondylitis | Psoriatic arthritis | UC | CD | |
Smoking | Increased | Conflicting data | Conflicting data | Increased UC:CD 1:2 | Increased UC:CD 1:2 |
Hypertension | Conflicting data, probably under-recognised and undertreated | Conflicting data | Increased | Decreased | Decreased |
Dyslipidaemia* | Increased | Increased | Increased | Increased | Increased |
Obesity | Increased | Decreased | Increased | Decreased | Decreased |
Physical inactivity | Increased | Increased | Increased | Increased | Increased |
Diabetes/insulin resistance | Increased | Decreased | Increased | Increased | Increased |
*'Lipid paradox’ with lower lipids during active disease while cardiovascular disease risk is increased.
CD, Crohn’s disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; UC, ulcerative colitis.