Baseline patient characteristics
| Patient characteristics | All regions n=37 198 | Europe n=25 736 | Asia n=6614 | Africa/Middle East n=2438 | South America/Mexico n=2410 |
| Age, years | 64.2±11.3 (37 198) | 65.5±11.1 (25 736) | 60.9±10.9 (6614)* | 59.6±11.4 (2438)* | 63.3±10.9 (2410)* |
| Octogenarians (≥80 years) | 8.8% (3286/37 198) | 10.7% (2757/25 736) | 4.3% (281/6614)* | 4.2% (102/2438)* | 6.1% (146/2410)* |
| Gender, male | 76.0% (28 257/37 198) | 75.7% (19 486/25 736) | 76.3% (5049/6614) | 79.9% (1947/2438)* | 73.7% (1775/2410)* |
| Body mass index, kg/m² | 27.8±4.6 (29 946) | 28.1±4.7 (21 612) | 26.3±4.3 (4735)* | 28.3±4.6 (1718)* | 27.8±4.4 (1881)* |
| ≤18.5 | 0.7% (222/29 946) | 0.6% (128/21 612) | 1.6% (74/4735)* | 0.5% (8/1718) | 0.6% (12/1881) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 27.7% (8295/29 946) | 25.5% (5502/21 612) | 40.1% (1900/4735)* | 23.0% (395/1718)* | 26.5% (498/1881) |
| 25–29.9 | 44.4% (13 293/29 946) | 44.9% (9700/21 612) | 41.2% (1951/4735)* | 46.1% (792/1718) | 45.2% (850/1881) |
| ≥30 | 27.2% (8136/29 946) | 29.1% (6282/21 612) | 17.1% (810/4735)* | 30.4% (523/1718) | 27.7% (521/1881) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n† | 2.1±0.9 (32 006) | 2.1±0.9 (22 399) | 2.0±0.9 (5250)* | 2.2±1.0 (2231)* | 2.1±0.9 (2126) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 28.4% (10 379/36 572) | 24.9% (6272/25 192) | 32.2% (2114/6564)* | 47.0% (1140/2428)* | 35.7% (853/2388)* |
| Insulin dependent | 20.4% (2121/10 379) | 20.0% (1255/6272) | 14.0% (296/2114)* | 28.1% (320/1140)* | 29.3% (250/853)* |
| Non-insulin dependent | 79.5% (8249/10 379) | 79.9% (5012/6272) | 86.0% (1817/2114)* | 71.7% (817/1140)* | 70.7% (603/853)* |
| Unknown | 0.09% (9/10 379) | 0.08% (5/6272) | 0.05% (1/2114) | 0.3% (3/1140) | 0.0% (0/853) |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never | 37.0% (12 380/33 480) | 33.9% (8075/23 848) | 48.9% (2644/5408)* | 42.1% (923/2193)* | 36.3% (738/2031)* |
| Previous | 29.0% (9711/33 480) | 31.1% (7417/23 848) | 19.9% (1078/5408)* | 22.3% (490/2193)* | 35.8% (726/2031)* |
| Current | 23.6% (7897/33 480) | 24.3% (5796/23 848) | 19.0% (1025/5408)* | 29.5% (647/2193)* | 21.1% (429/2031)* |
| Unknown | 10.4% (3492/33 480) | 10.7% (2560/23 848) | 12.2% (661/5408) | 6.1% (133/2193) | 6.8% (138/2031) |
| Hypertension | 67.8% (22 840/33 684) | 66.1% (15 624/23 632) | 72.4% (4127/5698)* | 64.1% (1445/2255) | 78.3% (1644/2099)* |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 59.9% (19 462/32 479) | 61.6% (14 295/23 202) | 55.1% (2797/5081)* | 55.6% (1230/2211)* | 57.4% (1140/1985)* |
| Family history of heart disease | 36.2% (7259/20 081) | 39.5% (5604/14 178) | 20.7% (678/3274)* | 35.9% (536/1494)* | 38.9% (441/1135) |
| Previous MI | 22.8% (7852/34 423) | 21.5% (5239/24 392) | 28.0% (1601/5727)* | 20.8% (462/2220) | 26.4% (550/2084)* |
| Previous revascularisation | 29.1% (10 027/34 522) | 29.2% (7127/24 442) | 25.6% (1468/5744)* | 30.9% (695/2253) | 35.4% (737/2083)* |
| Previous PCI | 26.0% (9026/34 687) | 26.2% (6425/24 559) | 23.3% (1342/5767)* | 28.3% (642/2267)* | 29.5% (617/2094)* |
| Previous CABG | 5.6% (1938/34 562) | 5.7% (1387/24 514) | 3.3% (191/5745)* | 6.0% (135/2255) | 11.0% (225/2048)* |
| Atrial fibrillation on OAC | 5.6% (1925/34 450) | 6.8% (1651/24 359) | 2.6% (150/5743)* | 3.0% (69/2283)* | 2.7% (55/2065)* |
| Previous stroke | 5.4% (1879/34 577) | 5.8% (1415/24 501) | 5.8% (328/5682) | 2.6% (60/2314)* | 3.7% (76/2080)* |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 6.7% (2255/33 880) | 7.3% (1758/23 958) | 5.1% (286/5655)* | 5.9% (131/2222)* | 3.9% (80/2045)* |
| Congestive heart failure | 11.36% (3823/33 649) | 9.5% (2255/23 821) | 23.6% (1312/5552)* | 6.1% (136/2242)* | 5.9% (120/2034)* |
| Renal impairment | 7.00% (2548/36 407) | 6.9% (1731/25 134) | 8.0% (522/6547)* | 5.5% (128/2333)* | 7.0% (167/2393) |
| Clinical presentation | |||||
| CCS | 44.9% (16 672/37 171) | 44.7% (11 482/25 715) | 48.4% (3199/6613)* | 42.0% (1024/2436)* | 40.2% (967/2407)* |
| NSTE-ACS | 35.0% (12 992/37 171) | 35.7% (9191/25 715) | 31.2% (2064/6613)* | 37.6% (915/2436) | 34.2% (822/2407) |
| STEMI | 20.2% (7507/37 171) | 19.6% (5042/25 715) | 20.4% (1350/6613) | 20.4% (497/2436) | 25.7% (618/2407)* |
Data are mean±SD for continuous variables with or % (n) for categorical variables. The number of patients with available data is indicated in brackets. The p value for the comparison over all four regions was <0.0001 for all variables.
Renal impairment: defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m². Cardiovascular risk factors include diabetes, current smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and family history of CV disease
*Indicates a p value <0.05 for the difference in characteristics between the region as compared to Europe.
†Defines diabetes, current smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and family history of heart disease.
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CCS, chronic coronary syndromes; CV, cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTE-ACS, non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome; OAC, oral anticoagulant; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.