Baseline patient and procedural factors according to the occurrence of infective endocarditis
| TAVI (N=14 195) | SAVR (N=91 962) | |||
| IE (n=140) | No IE (n=14 055) | IE (n=2057) | No IE (89 905) | |
| Age, median (IQR), years | 81.5 (75.8–85.0) | 83.0 (77.0–86.0) | 69.5 (59.5–76.6) | 72.0 (64.0–78.2) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 97 (69.3%) | 7498 (53.3%) | 1468 (71.4%) | 57 267 (63.7%) |
| Female | 41 (29.3%) | 6277 (44.7%) | 589 (28.6%) | 32 633 (36.3%) |
| NK | 2 (1.4%) | 280 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (0%) |
| BMI, n (%) | ||||
| ≥30 | 34 (24.3%) | 3520 (25.0%) | 699 (34.0%) | 28 849 (32.1%) |
| <30 | 100 (71.4%) | 9696 (69.0%) | 1287 (62.5%) | 57 427 (63.9%) |
| NK | 6 (4.3%) | 839 (6.0%) | 72 (4.0%) | 3628 (3.5%) |
| DM, n (%) | ||||
| No | 108 (77.1%) | 10 490 (74.6%) | 1678 (81.5%) | 72 723 (80.9%) |
| Yes | 31 (22.1%) | 3209 (22.8%) | 282 (13.7%) | 13 416 (14.9%) |
| NK | 1 (0.7%) | 356 (2.5%) | 98 (4.8%) | 3765 (4.2%) |
| Creatinine, median, μmol/L (IQR) | 97.0 (80.0–117.8) | 97.0 (78.0–123.0) | 89.0 (75.0–110.0) | 85.0 (73.0–103) |
| On dialysis, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 0 (0%) | 158 (1.1%) | 20 (1%) | 222 (0.2%) |
| No | 132 (94.3%) | 9725 (69.2%) | 976 (47.4%) | 35 844 (39.9%) |
| NK | 8 (5.7%) | 4172 (29.7%) | 1062 (51.6%) | 53 838 (59.9%) |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 21 (15.0%) | 2718 (19.3%) | 88 (4.3%) | 4841 (5.4%) |
| No | 117 (83.6%) | 10 910 (77.6%) | 1903 (92.5%) | 82 541 (91.8%) |
| NK | 2 (1.4%) | 427 (3.0%) | 67 (3.2%) | 2522 (2.8%) |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 2 (1.4%) | 407 (2.9%) | 188 (9.1%) | 6880 (7.7%) |
| No | 73 (52.1%) | 6521 (46.4%) | 1846 (89.7%) | 82 328 (91.7%) |
| NK | 65 (46.4%) | 7127 (50.7%) | 24 (1.2%) | 696 (0.7%) |
| Pulmonary disease, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 48 (34.3%) | 3678 (26.2%) | 289 (14.0%) | 14 013 (15.6%) |
| No | 91 (65.0%) | 9884 (70.3%) | 1758 (85.4%) | 75 446 (83.9%) |
| NK | 1 (0.7%) | 493 (3.5%) | 11 (0.5%) | 445 (0.5%) |
| History of AF, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 36 (25.7%) | 3444 (24.5%) | 301 (14.6%) | 11 508 (12.8%) |
| No | 97 (69.3%) | 9785 (69.6%) | 1587 (77.1%) | 72 751 (80.9%) |
| NK | 7 (5%) | 826 (5.9%) | 170 (8.3%) | 5645 (6.3%) |
| Previous cardiac surgery, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 44 (31.4%) | 3549 (25.2%) | 91 (4.4%) | 3620 (4.0%) |
| No | 96 (68.6%) | 10 357 (73.7%) | 1846 (89.7%) | 78 183 (87.0%) |
| NK | 0 (0%) | 126 (0.9%) | 121 (5.9%) | 8108 (9.0%) |
| PPM, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 27 (19.3%) | 2661 (18.9%) | 35 (1.7%) | 1589 (1.8%) |
| No | 111 (79.3%) | 10 670 (75.9%) | 1853 (90.0%) | 82 670 (92.0%) |
| NK | 2 (1.4%) | 724 (5.2%) | 170 (8.3%) | 5645 (6.3%) |
| LV function, n (%) | ||||
| Normal | 84 (60.0%) | 8861 (63.0%) | 1439 (70.0%) | 66 456 (74.0%) |
| Impaired | 51 (36.4%) | 4647 (33.1%) | 604 (29.4%) | 22 923 (25.5%) |
| NK | 5 (3.6%) | 547 (3.9%) | 14 (0.7%) | 525 (0.6%) |
| Procedure urgency, n (%) | ||||
| Elective | 127 (90.7%) | 11 921 (84.8%) | 1304 (63.4%) | 68 759 (76.5%) |
| Urgent | 10 (7.1%) | 1883 (13.4%) | 752 (36.6%) | 21 106 (23.5%) |
| NK | 3 (2.1%) | 251 (1.8%) | 1 (0.04%) | 35 (0.03%) |
| Logistic Euroscore (IQR) | 18.82 (11.0–25.4) | 16.09 (10.7–25.3) | 6.19 (3.5–11.7) | 5.8 (3.3–10.1) |
| TAVI valve, n (%) | ||||
| BE | 75 (53.6%) | 7327 (52.1%) | ||
| SE | 39 (27.9%) | 4930 (35.1%) | ||
| ME | 22 (15.7%) | 1154 (8.2%) | ||
| NK | 4 (2.9%) | 644 (4.6%) | ||
| SAVR valve, n (%) | ||||
| Bio | 1595 (77.5%) | 70 883 (78.8%) | ||
| Mech | 432 (21.0%) | 17 417 (19.4%) | ||
| NK | 30 (1.5%) | 1604 (1.8%) | ||
| Concomitant CABG, n (%) | ||||
| No | 1461 (71.0%) | 56 940 (63.3%) | ||
| Yes | 595 (29.0%) | 32 932 (36.6%) | ||
| NK | 1 (0.0%) | 32 (0.0%) | ||
AF, atrial fibrillation; BE, balloon expandable; Bio, bioprosthetic; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; IE, infective endocarditis; LV, left ventricular; ME, mechanically expandable; Mech, mechanical; NK, not known; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPM, permanent pacemaker.