Table 2

HR with 95% CI for all-cause, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular deaths according to exercise habit change

		Individuals (n)	Events (n)	IR* (per 100 PY)	Subdistribution HR (95% CI)	P value	P value for trend
All-cause death†	Persistent non-exercisers	2871	671	4.8	1 (reference)		<0.001
	Exercise dropouts	754	131	4.6	0.92 (0.70 to 1.22)	0.562
	New exercisers	1363	174	3.5	0.73 (0.58 to 0.91)	0.006
	Exercise maintainers	1088	88	2.9	0.53 (0.38 to 0.73)	<0.001
CV death	Persistent non-exercisers	2871	231	1.5	1 (reference)		<0.001
	Exercise dropouts	754	48	1.6	1.30 (0.85 to 1.99)	0.233
	New exercisers	1363	53	1.2	0.76 (0.49 to 1.17)	0.205
	Exercise maintainers	1088	18	0.6	0.34 (0.17 to 0.64)	0.001
Non-CV death	Persistent non-exercisers	2871	440	3.2	1 (reference)		0.006
	Exercise dropouts	754	83	3.0	0.73 (0.52 to 1.04)	0.079
	New exercisers	1363	121	2.3	0.73 (0.56 to 0.95)	0.021
	Exercise maintainers	1088	70	2.3	0.61 (0.42 to 0.90)	0.012

P values were evaluated by the likelihood ratio test.
*Weighted incidence rates were computed after inverse probability of treatment weighting.
†The Fine and Gray method was not used when calculating the risk of all-cause death.
CV, cardiovascular; IR, incidence rate; PY, person-years.