The characteristic of patients with CKD with different HF subtypes
| Before IPTW | After IPTW | ||||||||||
| All patients | Non-HF | HFpEF | HFmrEF | HFrEF | SMD | Non-HF | HFpEF | HFmrEF | HFrEF | SMD | |
| No. of patients | N=10 904 | N=5414 | N=3773 | N=780 | N=937 | N=5414 | N=3773 | N=780 | N=937 | ||
| Age, years | 75.1 (62.6, 84.6) | 67.3 (58.2, 78.6) | 81.5 (71.6, 87.3) | 81.6 (70.3, 87.0) | 81.1 (68.6, 86.8) | 0.423 | 74.5 (62.2, 84.2) | 75.9 (63.5, 84.9) | 76.5 (63.3, 84.6) | 78.0 (65.2, 85.3) | 0.084 |
| Male sex | 54.3% | 49.1% | 53.7% | 69.5% | 74.0% | 0.318 | 54.5% | 54.1% | 57.8% | 61.0% | 0.080 |
| HbA1c, % (n=) | 6.8 (6.0, 8.5) | 6.7 (6.0, 8.2) | 6.7 (6.0, 8.7) | 6.8 (5.9, 8.4) | 7.0 (6.1, 9.0) | 0.057 | 6.8 (6.0, 8.3) | 6.7 (6.0, 8.4) | 6.7 (5.9, 8.2) | 7.0 (6.1, 8.9) | 0.050 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 58.7 (39.3, 80.5) | 66.1 (44.6, 85.8) | 56.0 (37.5, 76.6) | 48.5 (30.7, 69.4) | 47.5(31.0, 69.0) | 0.298 | 59.6 (40.8, 81.3) | 58.9 (39.9, 80.2) | 57.7 (39.4, 77.8) | 54.7 (37.0, 75.9) | 0.097 |
| >90 | 13.4% | 18.9% | 8.9% | 7.1% | 5.9% | 14.0% | 13.7% | 11.6% | 8.5% | ||
| 60–89 | 34.8% | 37.1% | 35.2% | 26.5% | 27.1% | 35.4% | 34.6% | 35.6% | 35.3% | ||
| 30–59 | 35.5% | 31.0% | 38.6% | 42.3% | 43.0% | 35.4% | 36.1% | 37.3% | 38.0% | ||
| 15–29 | 9.6% | 7.2% | 10.5% | 13.8% | 16.2% | 8.8% | 9.2% | 9.4% | 11.2% | ||
| <15 | 6.7% | 5.9% | 6.9% | 10.3% | 7.8% | 6.4% | 6.4% | 6.2% | 6.9% | ||
| UPCR, mg/mg | 0.31 (0.13, 0.95) | 0.30 (0.13, 0.84) | 0.31 (0.13, 1.06) | 0.36 (0.15, 1.30) | 0.34 (0.14, 1.13) | 0.025 | 0.31 (0.13, 0.91) | 0.30 (0.14, 0.89) | 0.31 (0.14, 0.94) | 0.31 (0.13, 0.84) | 0.041 |
| UACR, mg/mg | 0.04 (0.01, 0.24) | 0.03 (0.01, 0.17) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.29) | 0.05 (0.01, 0.38) | 0.07 (0.01, 0.42) | 0.083 | 0.04 (0.01, 0.24) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.22) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.23) | 0.04 (0.01, 0.23) | 0.025 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 64.5% | 57.6% | 71.7% | 73.2% | 68.1% | 0.179 | 63.8% | 65.8% | 65.6% | 66.6% | 0.030 |
| DM | 38.9% | 38.7% | 38.8% | 40.5% | 38.7% | 0.019 | 39.1% | 38.1% | 38.8% | 37.8% | 0.016 |
| CAD | 43.7% | 38.2% | 44.0% | 56.8% | 63.0% | 0.297 | 42.6% | 43.4% | 46.6% | 48.8% | 0.073 |
| Malignancy | 30.5% | 27.2% | 35.2% | 31.8% | 28.9% | 0.097 | 30.1% | 31.5% | 29.2% | 28.8% | 0.032 |
| Medications | |||||||||||
| CCBs | 44.5% | 42.0% | 50.5% | 45.0% | 34.2% | 0.177 | 45.1% | 45.1% | 43.1% | 43.6% | 0.024 |
| Beta-blockers | 46.7% | 42.6% | 44.8% | 58.8% | 67.4% | 0.304 | 45.6% | 46.3% | 49.0% | 52.4% | 0.077 |
| RAASi | 52.2% | 46.3% | 54.1% | 61.5% | 71.0% | 0.281 | 52.0% | 52.1% | 55.1% | 58.4% | 0.074 |
| Statins | 36.3% | 39.4% | 31.0% | 37.3% | 38.2% | 0.091 | 36.8% | 35.2% | 33.7% | 36.3% | 0.036 |
| OHAs | 17.9% | 16.5% | 17.8% | 22.9% | 21.7% | 0.097 | 17.3% | 17.7% | 17.9% | 19.9% | 0.034 |
| Insulins | 10.2% | 6.7% | 13.0% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 0.143 | 9.2% | 10.5% | 10.9% | 11.6% | 0.042 |
*Values are median and IQR or %.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; HF, heart failure; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; OHA, oral hypoglycaemic agents; RAASi, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor; SMD, standardised mean difference; UACR, spot urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio; UPCR, spot urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.