Clinical characteristics and comorbidities in patients with NBTE
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Clinical characteristics | All patients (n=48) | TTE and subsequent TOE patients (n=20) | TTE or TOE only (n=28)* | P value |
| Age, years | 60.0±13.8 | 59.2±15.1 | 60.6±13.1 | 0.7289 |
| Gender, female | 36 (75.0) | 16 (80.0) | 20 (71.4) | 0.4990 |
| Race (white) | 42 (87.5) | 17 (85.0) | 25 (89.3) | 0.6580 |
| Ethnicity (not Hispanic or Latino) | 42 (87.5) | 17 (85.0) | 25 (89.3) | 0.6580 |
| Hypertension | 18 (37.5) | 10 (50.0) | 8 (28.6) | 0.1306 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 (35.4) | 7 (35.0) | 10 (35.7) | 0.9593 |
| Myocardial infarction | 13 (27.1) | 4 (20.0) | 9 (32.1) | 0.3507 |
| Heart failure | 10 (20.8) | 5 (25.0) | 5 (17.9) | 0.5480 |
| CKD | 10 (20.8) | 4 (20.0) | 6 (21.4) | 0.9044 |
| COPD | 9 (18.8) | 2 (10.0) | 7 (25.0) | 0.1893 |
| Hemiplegia | 3 (6.3) | 2 (10.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.3643 |
| PVD | 4 (8.3) | 1 (5.0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.4801 |
| Cirrhosis | 2 (4.2) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.8071 |
| CTD | 18 (37.5) | 6 (30.0) | 12 (42.9) | 0.3643 |
| SLE | 12 (25.0) | 4 (20.0) | 8 (28.6) | 0.4990 |
| AAS | 11 (22.9) | 3 (15.0) | 8 (28.6) | 0.2701 |
| Scleroderma | 2 (4.2) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.8071 |
| Sjogren syndrome | 2 (4.2) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.8071 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 (3.6) | 0.3931 |
| Spondylitis ankylosing | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 (3.6) | 0.3931 |
| Malignancy | 25 (52.1) | 9 (45.0) | 16 (57.1) | 0.4064 |
| Metastatic solid tumour | 9 (18.8) | 1 (5.0) | 8 (28.6) | 0.0391 |
| Lung cancer | 10 (20.8) | 1 (5.0) | 9 (32.1) | 0.0224 |
| Ovarian cancer | 3 (6.3) | 0 | 3 (10.7) | 0.1306 |
| Endometrial cancer | 2 (4.2) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.8071 |
| Breast cancer | 2 (4.2) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.8071 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 2 (4.2) | 2 (10.0) | 0 | 0.0874 |
| AML | 2 (4.2) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.8071 |
| CML | 1 (2.1) | 0 | 1 (3.6) | 0.3931 |
| LCL | 1 (2.1) | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 0.2318 |
| Colon cancer | 1 (2.1) | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 0.2318 |
| Brainstem glioma | 1 (2.1) | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 0.2318 |
| Embolic event | 38 (79.2) | 14 (70.0) | 24 (85.7) | 0.1863 |
| Stroke | 26 (54.2) | 9 (45.0) | 17 (60.7) | 0.2814 |
| Peripheral ischaemic event | 12 (25.0) | 5 (25.0) | 7 (25.0) | 1.0000 |
| TIA | 4 (8.3) | 1 (5.0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.4801 |
| Stroke and peripheral ischaemic event | 4 (8.3) | 1 (5.0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.4801 |
| Mitral valve prolapse | 5 (10.4) | 1 (5.0) | 4 (14.3) | 0.2991 |
| Prosthetic valve | 4 (8.3) | 1 (5.0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.4801 |
| CIED | 4 (8.3) | 1 (5.0) | 3 (10.7) | 0.4801 |
| HCM | 2 (4.2) | 1 (5.0) | 1 (3.6) | 0.8071 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 1 (2.1) | 1 (5.0) | 0 | 0.2318 |
| Valvular vegetations | 41 (85.4) | 15 (75.0) | 26 (92.9) | 0.0840 |
| Valvular thickening | 43 (89.6) | 19 (95.0) | 24 (85.7) | 0.2991 |
| Moderate to severe valvular regurgitation | 26 (54.2) | 13 (65.0) | 13 (46.4) | 0.2030 |
*One patient had a TTE followed by a TOE >72 hours.
AAS, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome; AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; CIED, cardiac implanted electronic device; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CML, chronic myelogenous leukaemia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CTD, connective tissue disease; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; LCL, large cell lymphoma; NBTE, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TOE, transoesophageal echocardiogram; TTE, transthoracic echocardiogram.