Patient characteristics and COVID-19 manifestations and treatment in deceased patients with CHD diagnosed with COVID-19
| Age and sex | CHD diagnosis | Genetic syndrome | Non-cardiac problem | Baseline medications | Recent cardiac intervention | Symptoms | Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 | COVID-19 treatments | Days spent on mechanical ventilation |
| 9 m F | VSD | CLD, Neuro | None | Fever, SOB, congestion | None | None | |||
| 10 m F* | Complex CHD | Y | CLD | D, Oth | Y | SOB | Other | Antiviral | 11 |
| 4 y M | Aortic valve | Y | CLD, Neuro, Renal, GI | ASA | Fever, other | Arr | None | ||
| 62 d F | Coarc or other systemic artery problem | Y | CLD | Anticoagulant | Fever | None | None | ||
| 2 m F | Single ventricle on PGE or s/p shunt or balanced circulation* | Neuro, GI | ACE-i, ASA, Oth | Y | Fever, SOB | Coag, other | None | 12 | |
| 4 m F* | PDA | ACE-i, BB | Y | Fever, SOB | V Fxn, renal | Hydroxychloroquine, Abx, enoxaparin, methylprednisone | 7 | ||
| 8 m M | ASD | Y | ACE-i, D | Y | Cough, SOB, other | None | Abx | ||
| 11 m M* | Single ventricle on PGE or s/p shunt or balanced circulation | ASA | Y | SOB, other | Renal, Coag, other | Corticosteroids, ECMO V-V | 30 | ||
| 1 y M | VSD | Y | ACE-i, Anticoagulant, BB | Y | Fever, SOB, other | Arr, V Fxn, renal, other | Immunomodulators, antivirals, Abx | 5 | |
| 1 y M | Single ventricle s/p Fontan | ACE-i, ASA, BB | Y | Fever, cough, SOB | V Fxn | Hydroxychloroquine, Abx, enoxaparin | 3 | ||
| 3 y M | Single ventricle s/p Fontan | None | Fever, SOB, GI | Coag | None | ||||
| 9 y M | Single ventricle s/p BDG | None | Y | Fever | Coag | None | 1 | ||
| 12 y F* | TOF | ACE-i, ASA | Y | Fever, cough, SOB | Renal, Coag | Immunoglobulins, immunomodulators, antivirals, catecholamines, Abx, anticoagulants | 20 | ||
| 12 y M | VSD | D | SOB | Arr, V Fxn | Immunomodulators, Abx | 2 |
Grey=US patient. White=LMIC patient.
*Hospitalised prior to COVID-19 symptom onset.
Abx, antibiotics; ACE-i, ACE inhibitor; Arr, new arrhythmia; ASA, Aspirin or Plavix; ASD, atrial septal defect; BB, beta blocker; BDG, bidirectional Glenn; CHD, congenital heart disease; CLD, chronic lung disease; Coag, new coagulation problem; Coarc, aortic coarctation; d, days; D, diuretics; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; F, female; GI, gastrointestinal; M, male; m, months; Neuro, neurological; Oth, other cardiac medications; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; PGE, prostaglandins; SOB, shortness of breath; s/p, status post; TOF, Tetralogy of Fallot; V Fxn, decline in ventricular function; VSD, ventricular septal defect; V-V, veno-venous; Y, yes; y, years.