Echocardiography parameters of the study participants according to phenogroups by LCA in the derivation cohort
| Younger population | Older population | P value* | ||||
| Group 1 (n=517) | Group 2 (n=249) | Group 3 (n=171) | Group 4 (n=461) | Group 5 (n=231) | ||
| Least comorbidities | Men with LV enlargement | Predominantly women with rheumatic MR | Low-risk older patients | High-risk older patients | ||
| LV end-systolic diameter (mm) | 37 (34–40) | 43 (40–47) | 41 (38–45) | 34 (32–37) | 39 (35–44) | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic diameter (mm) | 60 (56–63) | 65 (61–69) | 61 (56–65) | 57 (54–60) | 60 (56–65) | <0.001 |
| LV end-systolic volume (mL) | 57 (47–68) | 78 (61–93) | 61 (47–78) | 46 (37–57) | 55.5 (40–71) | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL) | 164 (136–195) | 193 (162–230) | 147 (117–185) | 139 (113–165) | 135 (110–168) | <0.001 |
| LV end-systolic volume index (mL/m2) | 31.7 (26.5–37.7) | 41.6 (32.5–50.0) | 37.8 (29.5–48.4) | 26.6 (22.0–32.7) | 34.6 (25.8–44.6) | <0.001 |
| LV end-diastolic volume index (mL/m2) | 91.2 (76.2–109.6) | 102.1 (86.0–122.6) | 90.3 (73.5–111.9) | 81.3 (67.0–97.5) | 85.2 (70.4–107.5) | <0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 65.0 (61.7–68.2) | 60.2 (54.7–65.0) | 58.9 (53.0–63.1) | 66.4 (62.8–70.0) | 59.8 (54.0–65.1) | <0.001 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 124.3 (108.1–142.1) | 151.6 (133.9–175.4) | 129.4 (109.5–155.9) | 127.4 (108.8–146.4) | 145.6 (122.0–168.2) | <0.001 |
| LA dimension (mm) | 46.0 (42.0–50.0) | 59.0 (55.0–65.0) | 59.0 (55.5–64.5) | 48.0 (44.0–52.0) | 56.5 (51.0–63.0) | <0.001 |
| E-wave (m/s) | 1.14 (0.98–1.37) | 1.44 (1.21–1.66) | 1.60 (1.28–2.06) | 1.22 (1.00–1.44) | 1.40 (1.20–1.62) | <0.001 |
| e’-wave (cm/s) | 9.0 (7.4–10.6) | 7.8 (6.2–9.1) | 7.2 (6.0–9.0) | 6.6 (5.6–7.9) | 6.2 (5.0–7.8) | <0.001 |
| E/e’ ratio | 12.0 (10.0–15.0) | 16.0 (13.0–22.0) | 19.0 (14.0–33.0) | 17.0 (13.0–21.0) | 20.0 (15.0–29.0) | <0.001 |
| TR peak velocity, m/s | 2.5 (2.3–2.8) | 3.1 (2.7–3.4) | 2.9 (2.6–3.3) | 2.8 (2.5–3.3) | 3.3 (3.0–3.6) | <0.001 |
Values are expressed in median (IQR).
*Comparison between five groups.
AF, atrial fibrillation; LA, left atrium; LCA, latent class analysis; LV, left ventricular; MR, mitral regurgitation; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.