Follow-up (6–12 months) characteristics according to genotype of FOXO3A SNP rs12212067 in patients with non-viral cardiomyopathy
| Follow-up characteristics (6–12 months) FOXO3A SNP rs12212067 in V- DCMi | |||||||||||
| Variable n = 172 | All patients | SNP carrier Mm n=33, 19.2% | No SNP MM n=139, 80.8% | Effect size | P value | ||||||
| Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | Mean | 95% CI | ||||||
| Age (years) | 51.5 | 49.2 to 53.8 | 51.4 | 45.9 to 56.9 | 51.5 | 48.9 to 54.1 | 0.765 | ||||
| Δtime (months) | 10.6 | 8.7 to 12.4 | 13.8 | 8.3 to 19.3 | 9.8 | 7.9 to 11.7 | 0.027 | ||||
| Echocardiographic parameters | r | ||||||||||
| LVEF (%) | 43.5 | 41.2 to 45.8 | 50.9 | 45.4 to 56.3 | 41.7 | 39.2 to 44.2 | 0.24 | 0.002 | |||
| ΔLVEF (%) | 7.8 | 5.7 to 9.8 | 13 | 7.6 to 18.5 | 6.5 | 4.3 to 8.7 | 0.19 | 0.013 | |||
| LVEDD (mm) | 55.1 | 53.6 to 56.6 | 54.3 | 51.6 to 56.9 | 55.3 | 53.5 to 57.0 | 0.604 | ||||
| ΔLVEDD (mm) | −19.6 | (−5.2) to (−2.7) | −4.8 | (−7.6) to (−2.0) | −3.8 | (−5.2) to (−2.4) | 0.445 | ||||
| LVEDV (mL) | 153.1 | 143.7 to 162.5 | 145.3 | 129.0 to 161.6 | 154.7 | 143.8 to 165.7 | 0.66 | ||||
| ΔLVEDV (mL) | −25.6 | (−33.9) to (−17.3) | −32.5 | (−51.3) to (−13.6) | −24.1 | (−33.5) to (−14.8) | 0.429 | ||||
| LVEDVI (mL/m²) | 76.8 | 72.1 to 81.6 | 73.7 | 65.2 to 82.2 | 77.5 | 72.0 to 83.1 | 0.788 | ||||
| ΔLVEDVI (mL/m²) | −14.2 | (−19.0) to (−9.3) | −17.2 | (−27.5) to (−7.0) | −13.5 | (−19) to (−7.9) | 0.429 | ||||
| LA (mm) | 41.6 | 40.2 to 43.1 | 38.7 | 36.8 to 40.6 | 42.3 | 40.5 to 44.0 | 0.21 | 0.028 | |||
| ΔLA (mm) | −1.9 | (−3.4) to (−0.3) | −4.2 | (−10.0) to 1.5 | −1.4 | (−2.9) to 0.1 | 0.164 | ||||
| IVSd (mm) | 10.9 | 10.6 to 11.3 | 10.8 | 9.9 to 11.6 | 11 | 10.6 to 11.4 | 0.695 | ||||
| ΔIVSd (mm) | −0.4 | (−0.7) to (−0.1) | −0.7 | (−1.6) to 0.2 | −0.3 | (−0.7) to 0.02 | 0.328 | ||||
| LVPWs (mm) | 10.5 | 10.3 to 10.8 | 10.3 | 9.7 to 10.8 | 10.6 | 10.3 to 10.9 | 0.444 | ||||
| ΔLVPWs (mm) | −0.1 | (−0.4) to 0.2 | −0.3 | (−1.1) to 0.5 | −0.1 | (−0.3) to 0.2 | 0.424 | ||||
| FS (%) | 28.6 | 26.3 to 30.8 | 29.9 | 24.4 to 35.5 | 28.3 | 25.7 to 30.8 | 0.582 | ||||
| ΔFS (%) | 5.4 | 3.1 to 7.7 | 3.8 | (−1.1) to 8.7 | 5.9 | 3.2 to 8.5 | 0.285 | ||||
| Clinical parameters | Φ | ||||||||||
| Dyspnoea (%) | 42 | 4 | 38 | 0.20 | 0.019 | ||||||
| NYHA class I (%) | 58 | 15 | 43 | 0.20 | 0.019 | ||||||
| NYHA class II (%) | 19 | 3 | 16 | 0.942 | |||||||
| NYHA class III (%) | 19 | 1 | 18 | 0.19 | 0.024 | ||||||
| NYHA class IV (%) | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.225 | |||||||
| NYHA class I–IV total (n) | 142 | 27 | 115 | 0.24 | 0.006 | ||||||
| Angina pectoris (%) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.676 | |||||||
| CCS class 0 (%) | 98 | 15 | 83 | 0.676 | |||||||
| CCS class I (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| CCS class II (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| CCS class III (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| CCS class IV (%) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.676 | |||||||
| CCS class 0–IV (n) | 68 | 10 | 58 | 0.678 | |||||||
| RR sys (mm Hg) | 123 | 119.4 o 126.6 | 120.7 | 114.0 to 127.5 | 123.5 | 119.3 to 127.6 | 0.517 | ||||
| RR dia (mm Hg) | 73.6 | 71.5 to 75.7 | 75.3 | 70.2 to 80.4 | 73.3 | 71.0 to 75.7 | 0.487 | ||||
| Pulse (n/min) | 72.5 | 70.0 to 75.0 | 72.6 | 67.0 to 78.2 | 72.5 | 69.6 to 75.4 | 0.965 | ||||
| EMB analysis: Inflammatory infiltrates | r | ||||||||||
| CD3+ (mm²) | 10 | 7.7 to 12.3 | 8.3 | 4.7 to 11.8 | 10.5 | 7.7 to 13.2 | 0.698 | ||||
| ΔCD3+ (mm²) | −10.4 | (−15.6) to (−5.2) | −19 | (−36.2) to (−1.7) | −7.9 | (−12.7) to (−3.2) | 0.176 | ||||
| CD45+ (mm²) | 39.5 | 24.9 to 54.2 | 28.3 | 18.5 to 38.1 | 42.9 | 24.0 to 61.9 | 0.985 | ||||
| ΔCD45+ (mm²) | −8.1 | (−31.3) to 15.1 | −51.4 | (−100.4) to (−2.5) | 6.7 | (−19.1) to 32.5 | 0.31 | 0.034 | |||
| Perforin+ (mm²) | 2.2 | 1.1 to 3.3 | 1.9 | (−0.3) to 4.1 | 2.3 | 1.0 to 3.6 | 0.868 | ||||
| ΔPerforin+ (mm²) | −0.6 | (−2.1) to 0.9 | −0.6 | (−4.5) to 3.3 | −0.6 | (−2.2) to 1.1 | 0.432 | ||||
| Mac-1+ (mm²) | 47.3 | 34.0 to 60.6 | 37.1 | 24.2 to 50.0 | 50 | 33.5 to 66.6 | 0.637 | ||||
| ΔMac-1+ (mm²) | −15.7 | (−36.9) to 5.5 | −49.7 | (−103.8) to 4.4 | -6 | (−28.9) to 16.8 | 0.24 | 0.04 | |||
| HLA-1+/AF (%) | 7.5 | 6.8 to 8.3 | 8 | 7.0 to 9.0 | 7.4 | 6.5 to 8.4 | 0.396 | ||||
| ΔHLA-1+/AF (%) | −1.5 | (−3.0) to (−0.01) | −2.9 | (−7.9) to 2.2 | −1.1 | (−2.6) to 0.3 | 0.876 | ||||
| CD106+/AF (%) | 0.08 | 0.04 to 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.02 to 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.03 to 0.12 | 0.623 | ||||
| ΔCD106+/AF (%) | −0.01 | (−0.05) to 0.03 | −0.05 | (−0.09) to 0.004 | 0.002 | (−0.05) to 0.05 | 0.102 | ||||
| LFA-1+ (mm2) | 30.2 | 20.4 to 40.1 | 16.7 | 10.5 to 22.8 | 33.9 | 21.6 to 46.2 | 0.212 | ||||
| ΔLFA-1+ (mm2) | −17.9 | (−36.9) to 1.1 | −62 | (−123.9) to (−0.07) | −5.1 | (−21.9) to 11.7 | 0.34 | 0.004 | |||
| CD54+/AF (%) | 2.6 | 2.2 to 3.1 | 2.3 | 1.9 to 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.2 to 3.3 | 0.748 | ||||
| ΔCD54+/AF (%) | −0.3 | (−0.8) to 0.3 | −1.4 | (−2.0) to (−0.8) | 0.05 | (−0.6) to 0.7 | 0.31 | 0.009 | |||
| Cardiomyocyte diameter (μm) | 22.4 | 21.3 to 23.6 | 20.5 | 17.2 to 23.9 | 23 | 21.9 to 24.1 | 0.067 | ||||
| ΔCardiomyocyte diameter (μm) | 1.5 | 0.1 to 2.8 | −0.6 | (−3.6) to 2.4 | 2 | 0.5 to 3.5 | 0.24 | 0.049 | |||
| Inflammatory markers in blood | |||||||||||
| Leucocytes (cells/μL) | 7.5 | 7.0 to 7.9 | 7.7 | 6.5 to 8.8 | 7.5 | 6.9 to 8.0 | 0.589 | ||||
| ΔLeucocytes (cells/μL)) | −0.8 | (−1.3) to (−0.3) | −1.1 | (−2.0) to (−0.1) | −0.8 | (−1.4) to (−0.2) | 0.733 | ||||
| CRP (mg/dL) | 1.6 | 0.7 to 2.5 | 0.4 | 0.07 to 0.8 | 1.8 | 0.7 to 2.8 | 0.825 | ||||
| ΔCRP (mg/dL) | −0.8 | (−2.4) to 0.8 | −1 | (−3.2) to 1.2 | −0.8 | (−2.6) to 1.0 | 0.79 | ||||
Data are expressed as mean with 95% CI; effect size when p≤0.05.
DCMi, dilated inflammatory cardiomyopathy; EMB, endomyocardial biopsy; FS, fractional shortening; IVSd, intraventricular septum diameter (diastole); LA, left atrium; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter volume; LVEDVI, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVPWs, left ventricular posterior wall (systole); MM, major; Mm, heterozygote; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; V- DCMi, patients with non-viral cardiomyopathy; Δ, difference between the individual values in the time interval T1 - T0.