Patient characteristics stratified by survivors versus non-survivors
| Overall (n=1409) | Survivors (n=1252) | Non-survivors (n=157) | P value | |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 64.4±13.5 | 63.8±13.8 | 69.2±10.1 | < 0.001 |
| Male gender (n (%)) | 1252 (75.3) | 929 (74.2) | 132 (84.1) | 0.007 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.6±4.6 | 27.6±4.7 | 27.2±4.0 | 0.197 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 134.9±22.9 | 134.9±22.9 | 134.9±22.4 | 0.989 |
| Family CAD history (n (%)), n=1055 | 248 (23.5) | 216 (23.1) | 32 (27.1) | 0.326 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 111.7±40.4 | 112.4±40.4 | 106.5±40.0 | 0.086 |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.7±1.9 | 13.8±1.9 | 13.0±2.3 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.3 (1.1–1.8) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (n (%)) | 183 (13.0) | 150 (12.0) | 33 (21.0) | 0.001 |
| Current smoking (n (%)), n=1054 | 252 (23.9) | 223 (23.9) | 29 (24.2) | 0.944 |
| Strain analysis | ||||
| LV-GLS (%), n=1078 | −15.5±5.3 | −15.7±5.2 | −12.8±5.4 | <0.001 |
| RV-GLS (%), n=1073 | −18.1±5.5 | −18.3±5.4 | −16.0±5.6 | <0.001 |
| LA reservoir strain (%), n=1369 | 20.5±9.2 | 21.1±9.1 | 15.4±8.0 | <0.001 |
| Cardiac size and function parameters | ||||
| LVEF (%), n=1315 | 49.0±12.0 | 49.7±11.6 | 42.5±12.9 | <0.001 |
| LVEDV (mL), n=1319 | 108.9 (87.7–141.8) | 107.0 (86.9–137.7) | 129.0 (96.6–168.0) | <0.001 |
| LVESV (mL), n=1315 | 52.6 (38.0–76.5) | 51.1 (37.3–72.0) | 73.0 (49.1–100.5) | <0.001 |
| TAPSE (mm), n=824 | 20.6±5.7 | 20.8±5.7 | 18.3±5.4 | 0.002 |
| RVEDD (cm), n=1355 | 3.8±0.7 | 3.8±0.7 | 4.0±0.7 | 0.006 |
| LA-volume (mL), n=1388 | 71.0±30.2 | 69.7±28.7 | 81.2±38.6 | <0.001 |
| LA-volume index (mL/m² BSA), n=1388 | 36.4±15.6 | 35.7±14.7 | 42.1±20.9 | <0.001 |
| E (cm/s), n=1355 | 78.5±24.8 | 77.7±24.0 | 86.0±30.0 | 0.002 |
| A (cm/s), n=1250 | 74.9±22.9 | 74.8±22.5 | 75.7±26.4 | 0.704 |
| e′ (cm/s), n=1318 | 9.0±3.2 | 9.1±3.2 | 8.0±3.0 | <0.001 |
| sysPAP (mm Hg), n=1156 | 37.3±9.6 | 37.0±0.5 | 40.1±10.1 | 0.001 |
| LVMM Index (g/m2), n=1049 | 136.0±47.0 | 134.0±46.1 | 153.5±51.5 | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | ||||
| Moderate or severe AS (n (%)), n=1309 | 50 (3.8) | 38 (3.3) | 12 (8.6) | 0.002 |
| Moderate or severe AI (n (%)), n=1309 | 44 (3.4) | 39 (3.3) | 5 (3.6) | 0.884 |
| Moderate or severe MS (n (%)), n=1309 | 9 (0.7) | 7 (0.6) | 2 (1.4) | 0.262 |
| Moderate or severe MI (n (%)), n=1309 | 290 (22.2) | 241 (20.6) | 49 (35.0) | <0.001 |
| Moderate or severe TI (n (%)), n=1309 | 200 (15.3) | 176 (15.1) | 24 (17.1) | 0.517 |
AI, aortic valve insufficiency; AS, aortic valve stenosis; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CAD, coronary artery disease; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LA, left atrium; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LV, left ventricle; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESV, left ventricular end systolic volume; LVMM, left ventricular muscle mass; MI, mitral valve insufficiency; MS, mitral valve stenosis; RV, right ventricle; RVEDD, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter; sysPAP, systolic pulmonary artery pressure; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TI, tricuspid valve insufficiency.