Baseline characteristics
| Characteristics | Control group (n=10) | CHD group (n=41) | p-value |
| Age (years) | 36±11 | 34±13 | 0.74 |
| Male gender (%) | 5 (50) | 26 (63) | 0.49 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27±3 | 25±6 | 0.22 |
| NYHA functional class I (%)* | 10 (100) | 34 (83) | 0.32 |
| Exercise >1 time/week (%) | 7 (70) | 18 (44) | 0.24 |
| Sinus rhythm (%) | 10 (100) | 40 (98) | 1.0 |
| Any cardiac drug (%) | 0 | 20 (49) | 0.004 |
| β Blocker (%) | – | 10 (24) | – |
| Amiodarone (%) | – | 7 (17) | – |
| Digoxin (%) | – | 3 (7) | – |
| ACE inhibitor/angiotensin 2 antagonist (%) | – | 9 (22) | – |
↵* Six patients were in NYHA functional class II and one patient in functional class III.
NYHA, New York Heart Association.