Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and lung function testing
| Control group (n=10) | CHD group (n=41) | p Value | |
| Cardiopulmonary exercise testing | |||
| Peak VO2 (ml/kg) | 33±6 | 21±6 | <0.0001 |
| Peak VO2 (% predicted) | 107±19 | 62±14 | <0.0001 |
| VE/VCO2 at ventilatory threshold | 30±3 | 41±7 | <0.0001 |
| VO2 (% predicted at ventilatory threshold) | 79±23 | 45±12 | <0.0001 |
| Heart rate at baseline (beats per minute) | 73±12 | 73±11 | 0.98 |
| Heart rate reserve (beats per minute) | 99±13 | 64±29 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure at rest (mm Hg) | 116±14 | 109±15 | 0.21 |
| Systolic blood pressure at peak exercise (mm Hg) | 167±21 | 146±24 | 0.01 |
| Respiratory exchange ratio at peak exercise | 1.11±0.08 | 1.11±0.08 | 0.8 |
| Pulmonary function testing | |||
| FVC (% predicted) | 102±14 | 81±12 | <0.0001 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 98±11 | 78±13 | <0.0001 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 80±7 | 80±10 | 1.0 |
| Total lung capacity (% predicted) | – | 88±12 | – |
CHD, congenital heart disease; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume during the 1st second; VE/VCO2, expiratory minute ventilation/carbon dioxide output; VO2, oxygen uptake.