Table 1

Patient characteristics

Case number		Age		Sex		Disease		Operation		LAD (mm)				Atrial fibrillation
Case number		Age		Sex		Disease		Operation		Before	After			Duration (years)	Type
Maze group
1	39	M	Lone AF		32	31		10.7	Paroxysmal
2	51	M	VSD	Closure	32	31		3.3	Paroxysmal
3	53	F	ASR, MSR	DVR	58	35		10	Sustained
4	46	F	PVF (M)	MVR	58	40		9	Sustained
5	52	M	ASR, MR	DVR	61	50		0.1	Sustained
6	70	M	MR	MV plasty	80	37		2.5	Sustained
7	59	M	MSR	MVR	62	52		1.4	Sustained
8	64	M	MR	MVR	56	39		11.5	Sustained
9	59	M	MR	MV plasty	52	51		4.9	Sustained
10	68	F	MSR	MVR	72	52		3.3	Sustained
11	67	M	MSR, AR	MVR	52	42		5	Sustained
12	52	M	MSR, AR	DVR	45	44		21	Sustained
Mean	57 (9)				55 (14)	42 (8)^1-150		6.9 (5.9)
Control group
1	54	F	ASD	Closure	34	27		Sinus
2	59	F	ASD	Closure	37	32		Sinus
3	45	M	VSD	Closure	43	39		Sinus
4	63	F	ASD	Closure	30	30		Sinus
5	40	M	ASD	Closure	34	29		Sinus
6	49	F	ASD	Closure	36	31		Sinus
7	59	F	MR	MVR	62	39		Sinus
Mean	53 (8)				39 (11)	32 (5)^†

All data are expressed as mean (SD).
↵1-150 p<0.01 v before surgery, ^†p<0.05 v after surgery in the Maze group. AF, atrial fibrillation; AR, aortic valve regurgitation; ASD, atrial septal defect; ASR, aortic valve stenosis and regurgitation; DVR, double valve replacement; MR, mitral valve regurgitation; MSR, mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation; MVR, mitral valve replacement; PVF (M), prosthetic valve failure (M position); and VSD, ventricular septal defect.